Inequalities in vaccination coverage and differences in follow-up procedures for asylum-seeking children arriving in Wales, UK

Perry, Malorie; Townson, Molly; Cottrell, Simon; Fagan, Lucy; Edwards, Jonathan; Saunders, Jean; O'Hare, Roisin; Richardson, Gill

doi:10.1007/s00431-019-03485-7

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Transfusion of blood plasma from healed patients may help the still infected to get over the illness. Some of the administered drugs (inotropes, antivirals, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, colchicine, azathioprine, and so on), especially when taken in combination therapy, may cause a QT tract prolongation at baseline ECG, which is a well-established marker of potential development of ventricular arrhythmias [44][45][46].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review

et al. 2020

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The new coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019 (COVID-19) represents a dramatic challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. As to viral tropism, lungs are not the only COVID-19 target but also the heart may be involved in a not negligible percentage of the infected patients. Myocarditis-related cardiac dysfunction and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are the main aftermaths. A few studies showed that myocardial injury in adult patients is often linked with a fatal outcome. Conversely, scientific evidence in children is sparse, although several reports were published with the description of a cardiac involvement in COVID-19 paediatric patients. In these young subjects, a background of surgically treated congenital heart disease seems to be a predisposing factor. Conclusion: This systematic review is aimed at summarizing all COVID-19 cases with a cardiac involvement published in paediatric age and trying to explain the underlying mechanisms responsible for COVID-19-related myocardial damage. What is Known: • Coronaviruses proved to be able to jump from animals to humans. • The outbreak of COVID-19 started from China (Dec 2019) and became pandemic. What is New: • Even in childhood, COVID-19 is not without the risk of cardiac involvement. • Myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias are among the possible manifestations.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…Staff shortages, including of bi-lingual HCPs, interpreters (36) and cultural mediators (44), were barriers, particularly in camps (44) and reception settings. (49,62) In two studies, the mode of determining vaccination status and need for catch-up vaccination through mapping activities in the absence of a record was deemed too resource intensive. (38,62) vii.…”

Section: Resource and Capacity Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the determinants of under-vaccination in migrant populations in Europe to improve routine and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a systematic review

Crawshaw

Yasmin

Deal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Diverse migrant populations in Europe are at risk of under-immunisation and have recently shown lower levels of COVID-19 vaccination intent and uptake. Understanding the determinants of vaccine uptake in migrants is critical to address immediate COVID-19 vaccination inequities, and longer-term will help improve coverage for routine vaccinations, aligning with the goals of the new Immunisation Agenda 2030. We did a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and using a PICOS framework (PROSPERO CRD42020219214; MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO databases, 1 January 2000 – 14 September 2021) exploring barriers and facilitators to vaccine uptake and determinants of under-vaccination in migrants in the EU/EEA, UK, and Switzerland. We categorised barriers/facilitators using the ‘5As’ Determinants of Vaccine Uptake Taxonomy. 5259 data sources were screened, with 67 studies included from 16 countries, representing 366,529 migrants. Access barriers were most commonly reported (language, literacy and communication barriers; practical and legal barriers to accessing/delivering vaccination services; service barriers, including lack of specific guidelines and knowledge of healthcare professionals) for key vaccines including MMR, DTP, HPV, influenza, polio, COVID-19 vaccines. Acceptance barriers were mostly reported in Eastern European and Muslim communities for HPV, measles, and influenza vaccines. We identified 23 determinants of under-vaccination in migrants, including geographical origin (where 25/26 (96%) studies showed significance) – particularly African/Eastern European origin; recent migration; being a refugee/asylum seeker; higher income; parental education level; no healthcare contact in the past year; and lower language skills. Facilitators of migrants’ vaccine uptake included tailored vaccination messaging, community outreach and ‘nudging’ interventions. Migrants’ barriers to accessing healthcare are already well documented, and this review confirms their role in limiting vaccine uptake. These data hold immediate relevance to strengthening vaccination programmes in high-income countries, including for COVID-19. Our findings suggested that targeted, evidence-informed strategies are needed to address access and acceptance barriers to vaccination in migrants, including the development of migrant-sensitive and adaptable vaccination services and systems, unambiguous public health messaging, and coproduction of tailored interventions.

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“…Some of the studies used private longitudinal health data such as the Millennium Cohort Study of ~19,000 children born in 2000-1 [29; 30] or the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank of 800,000 children living in Wales [31]. Others used public National Health Service (NHS) health data through the Child Health Information Systems [32][33][34], the Scottish Immunisation and Recall System (SIRS) [35], primary care data of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) [36] or the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER) dataset produced by PHE [37]. All of the studies used these datasets to examine a particular cross-section of children and the degree to which MMR uptake covaried with other quantitative variables.…”

Section: Uptake and Demographics -9 Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hutchings et al [31] examined the potential association between residential mobility and vaccine uptake, finding that there was no significant difference between children with varying levels of residential mobility. Perry et al [34] found that children of asylum seekers in Wales had lower rates of uptake compared to the general population, albeit with some variation between different areas of Wales due to limitations in the outreach resources of each local health authority. Emerson et al [29] focused on children with intellectual disabilities and found that they were at increased risk for low uptake, although this may be partially explained by the positive association between intellectual disabilities and lower family socioeconomic position.…”

Section: Uptake and Demographics -9 Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, access plays a direct role in uptake (all other variables being held equal), particularly in certain minority communities. Perry et al [34] found that children of asylum seekers display substantially reduced uptake; their odds of being vaccinated against key infections is around three times lower than the general population, likely because they are not as well engaged by public health services [71]. Osam et al [36] found that children of mothers with alcohol or substance use disorders are half as likely to be fully vaccinated compared with children of mothers without such disorders, even when adjusting for other confounders.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Variables Mediate Every Stage Of Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MMR Vaccine Attitude and Uptake Research in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review

Torracinta

Tanner

Vanderslott

2021

Preprint

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This review critically assesses the body of research about Measles-Mumps-and-Rubella (MMR) vaccine attitudes and uptake in the United Kingdom (UK) over the past 10 years. We searched PubMed and Scopus, with terms aimed at capturing relevant literature on attitudes, uptake, decision-making, and beliefs about the MMR vaccine. Two researchers screened for abstract eligibility and after de-duplication 934 studies were selected. After screening, 40 references were included for full-text review and thematic synthesis by three researchers. We were interested in the methodologies employed, and grouped findings by whether studies concerned: (1) Uptake and Demographics; (2) Beliefs and Attitudes; (3) Healthcare Worker Focus; (4) Experimental and Psychometric Intervention; (5) Mixed Methods. We identified group and individual level determinants for attitudes, operating directly and indirectly, that influence vaccine uptake. We found that access issues, often ignored within the public “anti-vax” debate, remain highly pertinent. Finally, a consistent theme was the effect of misinformation and lack of knowledge or trust in healthcare, often stemming from the Wakefield controversy. Future COVID-19 immunisation campaigns for children should consider both access and attitudinal aspects of vaccination, and incorporate a range of methodologies to assess progress, taking into account socio-economic variables and the needs of disadvantaged groups.

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Inequalities in vaccination coverage and differences in follow-up procedures for asylum-seeking children arriving in Wales, UK

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Children’s heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review

Children’s heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review

Defining the determinants of under-vaccination in migrant populations in Europe to improve routine and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a systematic review

MMR Vaccine Attitude and Uptake Research in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review

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