Inequality and access to social services in Latin America: space–time constraints of child health checkups and prenatal care in Montevideo

Hernández, Diego; Rossel, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.02.007

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Further consideration will be needed when integrating quantitative and qualitative data, especially if those data sources appear to be in conflict. Although this is the first study to use this type of mixed-methods approach to examine substance use and sexual risk behavior among homeless youth, mixed-methods studies that have included geographical data have focused on how environment affects access to public transit [86], arrhythmia in old age [87], or tobacco use [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Health Risk Environments in Housing Programs for Young Adults: Protocol for a Geographically Explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Henwood¹,

Redline²,

Dzubur³

et al. 2019

JMIR Res Protoc

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BackgroundYoung adults who experience homelessness are exposed to environments that contribute to risk behavior. However, few studies have examined how access to housing may affect the health risk behaviors of young adults experiencing homelessness.ObjectiveThis paper describes the Log My Life study that uses an innovative, mixed-methods approach based on geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (EMA) through cell phone technology to understand the risk environment of young adults who have either enrolled in housing programs or are currently homeless.MethodsFor the quantitative arm, study participants age 18-27 respond to momentary surveys via a smartphone app that collects geospatial information repeatedly during a 1-week period. Both EMAs (up to 8 per day) and daily diaries are prompted to explore within-day and daily variations in emotional affect, context, and health risk behavior, while also capturing infrequent risk behaviors such as sex in exchange for goods or services. For the qualitative arm, a purposive subsample of participants who indicated engaging in risky behaviors are asked to complete an in-depth qualitative interview using an interactive, personalized geospatial map rendering of EMA responses.ResultsRecruitment began in June of 2017. To date, 170 participants enrolled in the study. Compliance with EMA and daily diary surveys was generally high. In-depth qualitative follow-ups have been conducted with 15 participants. We expect to recruit 50 additional participants and complete analyses by September of 2019.ConclusionsMixing the quantitative and qualitative arms in this study will provide a more complete understanding of differences in risk environments between homeless and housed young adults. Furthermore, this approach can improve recall bias and enhance ecological validity.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/12112

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Health Risk Environments in Housing Programs for Young Adults: Protocol for a Geographically Explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Henwood¹,

Redline²,

Dzubur³

et al. 2019

JMIR Res Protoc

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“…Several studies have examined the relationships of transport investments and accessibility with a focus on equity in Latin American cities, finding that transport access is highly unequal among socioeconomic groups [22,37,38]. Bocarejo and Oviedo [22] found that for the city of Bogotá, high-income populations had potential access to one or more employment positions per inhabitant at costs equal or below their preferred expenditure, while the poor had access to 0.2 to 0.5 jobs per inhabitant even when expending more than their desired budgets for time and money to invest in transportation.…”

Section: Accessibility: Policy Relevance Concepts Measurement and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower-income groups in the city tend to have longer travel times and higher comparative rates of public transit use. They have lower per capita vehicle ownership rates and make the largest share of their daily trips on foot-28% of trips in stratum D and 35% in stratum E-followed by trips on traditional buses [37]. Public transit services in the traditional system encompass a mix of formal and informal supply.…”

Section: The Metropolitan Area Of Lima and Its Brt Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

Oviedo

Scholl

Innao³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Investments in public transit infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean often aim to reduce spatial and social inequalities by improving accessibility to jobs and other opportunities for vulnerable populations. One of the central goals of Lima’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project was to connect low-income populations living in the peripheries to jobs in the city center, a policy objective that has not yet been evaluated. Building on secondary datasets of employment, household socio-demographics and origin–destination surveys before and after the BRT began operations, this paper examines the contribution of Lima’s BRT system to accessibility to employment in the city, particularly for low-income public transit users. We estimated the effects on potential accessibility to employment, comparing impacts on lower versus higher income populations, and assessed the changes in location-based accessibility to employment before (2004) and after implementation (2012) for treatment and comparison groups. We found that the BRT line reduced travel times for commuters to reach jobs, in comparison with traditional public transport in the city. However, the coverage of the BRT declines in areas with high concentrations of poor populations, limiting the equitability of accessibility improvements. The analysis by socioeconomic sub-groups found positive effects of the BRT system on accessibility for the higher income areas. Relative to the control group, accessibility increased in the 10-km boundary area of the BRT by 0.01, a seven percent increase relative to the treatment baseline accessibility index in the higher socioeconomic (SES) areas of the city. In contrast, in the areas with high concentrations of lower SES populations, the double difference estimate indicated an 11 percent decrease relative to the baseline accessibility index (0.09). We build on case-specific findings and international literature to reflect on policy avenues to include the poor in the mobility benefits of BRT systems. These measures include targeted fare subsidies for low-income groups, fare integration with other forms of public transport that reduce the cost of transfers, and the increase of coverage of the BRT through the integration of stations with non-motorized infrastructure.

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“…Esta perspectiva espacio-temporal, permite hacer más complejos los modelos, de manera que se integren los tiempos de desplazamiento en las temporalidades propias de las organizaciones domésticas o laborales de las que se depende (FARBER, et al, 2014: 150), o en las rutinas temporales de los propios sujetos y hogares (NEUTENS, 2015;HERNÁNDEZ et al, 2015). Este cambio de perspectiva, lleva a acercamientos más realistas a las condiciones de accesibilidad particulares, en la medida en que permite considerar, por ejemplo, las estrategias temporales de los hogares dentro de entornos complejos y caracterizados por incertidumbres tales los fluctuantes horarios en la operación del transporte público o por las variadas condiciones del tráfico (SWEET et al, 2011;ETTEMA et al, 2007) Por último, hay autores que han profundizado en este énfasis sobre las estrategias de accesibilidad aplicando complejos modelos de toma de decisiones y de maximización de utilidades (SALZE et al, 2011).…”

Section: La Operacionalización De La Accesibilidadunclassified

Usos de los medios de transporte y accesibilidad urbana. Un estudio de caso en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México.

Reíllo

2016

Pap. Geo.

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RESUMENEn las últimas dos décadas la organización del territorio y la disposición de los sistemas de transportes ha condicionado seriamente la forma como los hogares segregados de bajos recursos acceden a los principales servicios urbanos y lugares para el desarrollo de sus actividades más básicas. Esta problemática ha llevado al desarrollo de los estudios sobre la accesibilidad urbana. No obstante, la mayor parte de las investigaciones se han realizado en el contexto de las urbes desarrolladas. Este artículo contribuye a afianzar las investigaciones que se ubican en el contexto de los países pobres o en desarrollo, y tiene la intención de mostrar cómo las poblaciones de espacios no centrales y periféricos de la metrópolis llegan y se desplazan a sus centros de trabajo y educativos, a los comercios, clínicas y hospitales. Se presentan los principales resultados de una encuesta de movilidad realizada en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México en 2015, con la intención de matizar y complementar los principales hallazgos y recomendaciones sobre la accesibilidad urbana que se acuñan desde los países desarrollados.Palabras clave: Accesibilidad urbana; países en desarrollo; periferias urbanas; servicios urbanos; transporte. TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE AND URBAN ACCESSIBILITY. A CASE STUDY IN GUADALAJARA METROPOLITAN AREA, MEXICO ABSTRACTIn the last twenty years, the structuring of the urban territory and the organization of the systems of transportation have influenced how poor and segregated households access different locations where urban services and main urban activities are accommodated. These situation shave motivated academics to study urban accessibility, especially in developed metropolitan regions. This paper comes to grips with similar phenomena in the context of a developing urban area trying to extend and nuance the existing body of knowledge. The paper reflects in how populations in non-central and peripheral areas travel to their job, educational and shopping centers, and to clinics and hospitals. It is based on a survey carried in 2015 in Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, México, and resumes the main outcomes to update the proposals that are framed in the developed countries.

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Inequality and access to social services in Latin America: space–time constraints of child health checkups and prenatal care in Montevideo

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Investigating Health Risk Environments in Housing Programs for Young Adults: Protocol for a Geographically Explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Investigating Health Risk Environments in Housing Programs for Young Adults: Protocol for a Geographically Explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

Usos de los medios de transporte y accesibilidad urbana. Un estudio de caso en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México.

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