Inequality in social capital in Chile: Assessing the importance of network size and contacts’ occupational prestige on status attainment

Contreras, Dante; Otero, Gabriel; Díaz, Juan; Suarez, Nicolas A.

doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2019.02.002

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We have created a multidimensional measure of individuals' SES by considering several factors or capitals: total monthly household income; occupational class, using the classification devised by the UK National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC); cultural capital, considering the maximum level of education obtained by some household members, as well as the number of books available in the household; and social capital, as the number of contacts that individuals have in higher SES occupations. Of the 13 occupations presented to respondents using the well-known Position Generator instrument (Contreras et al, 2019), four fall into this category (doctor, lawyer, university professor and director of a large company).…”

Section: Measuring the Socio-spatial Tanglementioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood cohesion as a form of privilege

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contrary to the idea that neighbourhood cohesion is something that inherently benefits the poor or counterbalances the forces of social exclusion, in this article we argue that it can also function as a mechanism of cumulative advantage. In order to explore this proposal, we offer a definition and key dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion based on three components: place attachment, local relations and commitment to the local common good. We test our proposal in a highly segregated Latin American city: Santiago, Chile. A combination of survey data and georeferenced information was obtained from a random sample of 700 residents. The results reveal the existence of four neighbourhood cohesion types: Communitarians, Belongers, Strangers and Outsiders. As expected, we found that people who reside in affluent areas and perceive themselves to live in more reputable neighbourhoods are those who report the strongest patterns of neighbourhood cohesion. We conclude by questioning the scope and effectiveness of policies which have promoted neighbourhood cohesion as a ‘tool’ of governance without first attempting to reduce socio-spatial rifts. We also ask whether these notable spatial differences in neighbourhood cohesion contribute to improving the overall social cohesion at the city level.

show abstract

Section: Measuring the Socio-spatial Tanglementioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood cohesion as a form of privilege

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our opinion, this kind of thing would be the looting of the social upsurge of October 2019. Now, in Chile these critical levels are related to its current social system, which has originated a problem of economic and social inequality (Contreras, Otero, Díaz, & Suárez, 2019;Martínez, Hodgson, Mullen, & Timms, 2018;Méndez & Otero, 2018;Olavarría-Gambi, 2012;Rotarou & Sakellariou, 2017;Tejada, 2016), and with a phenomenon of transversal corruption of a majority sector of partisan politics (illegal financing of politics), of the company (collusion, fraud), ranging from economic "privileges" to economic criminality with significant degrees of impunity (Agostini, Willington, Lazcano, & Saavedra, 2017;Bel & Trillas, 2005;Borgias, 2018;Escobar-Farfán, Cardoza Cardoza, Vega, & Cañas, 2017) 3 .…”

Section: October 2019 Looting As Index Of Social Change In Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

The looting during the social upsurge of October 2019 in Chile

Jiménez¹

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the social explosion in October 2019 in Chile, a series of social phenomena have occurred in that country that are worthy of review and study. Some of these phenomena have antisocial/criminal characteristics. Within these phenomena, looting is one of them. These took place from the first moments of the social outburst. The objective of this research is to study the criminal phenomenon of looting during the social explosion of October 2019 and throughout that period. But in addition, and because they are similar social phenomena and occurred in the same geographical-human space (Chile) and in periods not so distant in time, the looting that took place during the earthquake of February 27th, 2010 (27/F) in Chile will be the object of investigation. Our theoretical option to study this criminal phenomenon will be the so-called Disaster Studies, and in particular, from what we could call a disaster criminology. We will use not only the specialized literature on disasters, but also the academic works related to the earthquake of February 27th and the journalistic literature related to the looting during the earthquake of 27/F as well as that related to the social explosion of October 2019.

show abstract

“…La conclusión fundamental de este paradigma es que el estatus adquirido (nivel educacional y posiciones ocupacionales) es el factor principal para determinar el nivel de estatus de un individuo y, por tanto, este tiene mayor importancia que otros tipos de estatus como el adscrito (estatus de los padres o familia) (Lin 1999(Lin , 2001). Un estudio reciente que estudia este paradigma con datos de Chile es Contreras et al (2019).…”

Section: Marco Conceptualunclassified

“…L a importancia de las redes personales en el empleo y salarios obtenidos está ampliamente documentada. Hay artículos que ilustran cómo las redes influyen en las condiciones que permiten participar del mercado laboral (Stoloff et al 1999;Aguilera 2002;Luke y Munshi 2006), en los mecanismos para encontrar empleo (Mouw 2003;Caliendo et al 2011; Cingano y Rosolia 2012) y en los salarios obtenidos (Montersen y Vishwanath 1994;Sylos 2005;Delattre y Sabatier 2007;Long et al 2017;Contreras et al 2019). Si bien la economía ha abordado la utilización de las redes personales desde una perspectiva racional, esto es, en cuanto son la solución a un problema de asimetrías de información en el mercado laboral (Rees y Schultz 1970;Arrow y Borzekowski 2004), la influencia de las redes puede generar que individuos similares en características observables presenten diferencias salariales significativas (Montgomery 1991(Montgomery , 1994; Stupnytska y Zaharieva 2017) y que se produzcan problemas de eficiencia a raíz de individuos que obtienen empleos en sectores donde no tienen una ventaja competitiva (Bentolila et al 2010;Horvarth 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Cabe destacar que este artículo solo estimará el efecto del generador de recursos, omitiendo otras medidas de capital social que son relevantes en el mercado laboral, como el tamaño de las redes y el prestigio profesional (Contreras et al 2019), ya que la encuesta Casen no cuenta con dicha información. No obstante, el aporte de este estudio es que al utilizar una encuesta de hogares se puede caracterizar correctamente el entorno socioeconómico en el que se desenvuelve cada miembro de este, y con ello se puede controlar por el sesgo de selección respecto de la participación laboral, al que están sometidos aquellos estudios que utilicen datos a nivel de individuos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation