Inequality, Polarization and Conflict

Chakravarty, Satya R.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2166-1

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…In particular, polarization has been studied in relation to income and wealth inequality (Brzezinski, 2013; Biancotti, 2006; Keefer and Knack, 2000). The growing gap between rich and poor has been identified in economic studies as a major source of social conflict and political instability (Chakravarty, 2015; Akdede, 2012), as well as an impediment to growth and innovation (Caiani et al. , 2016; Jacobs, 2016; Thorbecke and Charumilind, 2002).…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an alternative measure of board diversity: an exploratory study on board polarization in German stock exchange-listed companies

Valentowitsch,

Kindig,

Burr

2024

BJM

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PurposeThe effects of board composition on performance have long been discussed in management research using fractionalization measures. In this study, we propose an alternative measurement approach based on board polarization.Design/methodology/approachUsing an exploratory analysis and applying the polarization measure to German Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX)-, Midcap-DAX (MDAX)- and Small Cap-Index (SDAX)-listed companies, this paper applies the polarization index to examine the relationship between board diversity and performance.FindingsThe results show that the polarization concept is well suited to measure principal-agent problems between the members of the management and supervisory boards. We reveal that board polarization is negatively associated with firm performance, as measured by return on investment (ROI).Originality/valueThis exploratory study shows that the measurement of board polarization can be linked to performance differences between companies, which offers promising starting points for further research.

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Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an alternative measure of board diversity: an exploratory study on board polarization in German stock exchange-listed companies

Valentowitsch,

Kindig,

Burr

2024

BJM

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“…of the absolute values of the deviations of individual incomes from the median can be employed to construct a relative bipolarization index (Chakravarty, 2015). Formally for any…”

Section: Bipolarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these two indices are normalized they are bounded from below by zero. An attractive feature of the two metrics is their satisfaction of source decomposability; if the individuals earn incomes from different sources and their rank orders across sources are the same, then overall inequality is a mean-weighted sum of source-wise inequality quantities, where the non-negative weights add up to one (Weymark, 1981 andChakravarty andSarkar, 2021a). Each of them possesses a nice geometric interpretation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synthesis of Local and Effective Tax Progressivity Measurement

Chakravarty,

Sarkar

2024

Revisiting Inequality

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This paper examines theoretical properties of local and global measures of income tax progressivity. In particular, consistency property of global measures with local measures is analyzed. Using a normative approach, an index of performance in effective progression underlying a tax system, in relation to that of a 'norm', is suggested and analyzed. The norm chosen here is the welfare level associated with the post-tax distribution resulting from an inequality minimizing taxation policy which maintains pretax rank orders of tax payers and does not impose any additional tax burden on them, given that the pre-tax distribution is fixed as well. As the actual post-tax welfare increases, effective progression (hence performance) improves, which ensures that it is possible to elevate the level of performance sequentially, as may be desired by a policy maker, towards achieving the norm welfare.

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“…The Gini welfare function is an example of a welfare function of this type (see Blackorby and Donaldson 1980). Such welfare functions are helpful for measuring economic distance between income distributions, which quantifies well-being of one population relative to that of another (see Chakravarty 2014).…”

Section: Linear Homogeneity (Lih): For Anymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference groups and the poverty line: An axiomatic approach with an empirical illustration

Chakravarty¹,

Chattopadhyay²,

Nissanov³

et al. 2015

WIDER Working Paper

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A recent trend in the study of poverty is to consider a relative poverty line, one that is responsive to the nature of the income distribution. We develop an axiomatic approach to the determination of an amalgam poverty line. Given a reference income (e.g. the mean or the median), the amalgam poverty line becomes a weighted average of the absolute poverty line and the reference income, where the weights depend on the policy maker's preferences for aggregating the two components. The paper ends with an empirical illustration comparing rural and urban and areas in the People's Republic of China and India.

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Inequality, Polarization and Conflict

Cited by 20 publications

References 104 publications

Toward an alternative measure of board diversity: an exploratory study on board polarization in German stock exchange-listed companies

Toward an alternative measure of board diversity: an exploratory study on board polarization in German stock exchange-listed companies

A Synthesis of Local and Effective Tax Progressivity Measurement

Reference groups and the poverty line: An axiomatic approach with an empirical illustration

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