Inequities in Employment by Race, Ethnicity, and Sector During COVID-19

Gemelas, Jordan; Davison, Jenna; Keltner, Case; Ing, Samantha

doi:10.1007/s40615-021-00963-3

Cited by 93 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on minoritized groups ( Gemelas et al, 2021 ; Smith & Judd, 2020 ), an experience that is co-occurring with a “racism pandemic” ( Valenzuela et al, 2020 ), is reflected in the current findings. For example, although White, Non-Hispanic/Latino youth had higher self-reported rates of exposure, it was youth who identified with a minoritized racial or ethnic identity that experienced the greater self-reported impact of the pandemic on their lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Sensitivity analyses to explore whether this impact may have been driven by family interactions or personal well-being were inconclusive. However, there is a growing literature identifying that the pandemic has had greater impacts on minoritized groups ( Gemelas et al, 2021 ; Smith & Judd, 2020 ; including the level of care that is received, Mulchan et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

“We Are Anxious Every Day”: COVID-19 Impacts on Youth with Spina Bifida

Stiles‐Shields

Kritikos

Ridosh

et al. 2021

Journal of Pediatric Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a national sample of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with spina bifida (SB) and parents of youth with SB. Methods AYA with SB (15–25; n = 298) and parents of children with SB (n = 200) were recruited to complete an anonymous, online survey in English or Spanish. Participants provided information about demographic and condition characteristics, as well as their technology access and use for behavioral health care. They also completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS), which includes Exposure, Impact, and Distress subscales. Exploratory correlations and t-tests were used to examine potential associations between CEFIS scores and demographic, medical, and access characteristics. Qualitative data from the CEFIS were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Scores on the Exposure, Impact, and Distress subscales demonstrated significant variability. Demographic associations with Exposure differed for those with higher Impact and Distress (e.g., White, non-Hispanic/Latino AYA reported higher rates of exposure [p = .001]; AYA who identified with a minoritized racial/ethnic identity reported greater impact [p ≤ .03]). Impacts to mental and behavioral health (n = 44), interference with medical care (n = 28), and interpersonal challenges (n = 27) were the most commonly occurring qualitative themes. Conclusions The current findings implicate differential impacts to individuals with SB and their families based on demographic, medical, and systemic factors (e.g., minoritized status). Recommendations to support families with SB and other pediatric conditions are made.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“We Are Anxious Every Day”: COVID-19 Impacts on Youth with Spina Bifida

Stiles‐Shields

Kritikos

Ridosh

et al. 2021

Journal of Pediatric Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, in the third quarter of 2020, the unemployment rate for Black men 16+ years old was 13.8 percent compared to 7.4 percent for White men and 9.6 percent for Asian men [ 40 ]. Moreover, job losses during the first half of 2020 occurred disproportionately among Black, Latino, and Asian workers and were especially likely to be experienced by those whose jobs could not be performed at home, most notably frontline workers with little job security and low pay [ 41 , 42 ]. Another problem with obtaining an accurate description of the labor force is that unemployment rates have fluctuated throughout the period of the pandemic.…”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these issues by describing racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors. Most importantly, we stratify our results by occupational standing, defined as the proportion of workers within each occupation with at least some college education. This measure serves as a proxy for whether workplaces and workers employ COVID-19-related risk reduction strategies. We use the 2018 American Community Survey to identify recent workers by occupation, and link 409 occupations to information on work context from the Occupational Information Network to identify potential COVID-related risk factors. We then examine the racial/ethnic distribution of all frontline workers and frontline workers at highest potential risk of COVID-19, by occupational standing and by sex. The results indicate that, contrary to expectation, White frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs while Black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented in these jobs. However, disaggregation of the results by occupational standing shows that, in contrast to Whites and several Asian groups, Latino and Black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower standing occupations overall and in lower standing occupations associated with high risk, and thus may be less likely to have adequate COVID-19 protections. Our findings suggest that greater work exposures likely contribute to a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among Latino and Black adults and underscore the need for measures to reduce potential exposure for workers in low standing occupations and for the development of programs outside the workplace.

show abstract

“…Studies of post-disaster mental health have identified both pre-disaster socioeconomic status and specific stressful and preventable experiences during disasters as predictors of poor mental health outcomes (Galea et al, 2007) but have not considered the influence of pre-disaster mental health. Of particular interest with respect to the pandemic are widely experienced and unequally distributed experiences of disruption in employment (Gemelas, Davison, Keltner, & Ing, 2021;Montenovo et al, 2020), childcare (Sevilla & Smith, 2020), and healthcare (Fischer, Uscher-Pines, Roth, & Breslau, 2021). Longitudinal studies, which are rare following disasters (Parker, Edelman, Carman, & Finucane, 2020), are needed to assess the contributions of these multiple potential sources of risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of predictors of serious psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) was elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, but the relationships of SPD during the pandemic with pre-pandemic SPD, pre-pandemic socioeconomic status, and pandemic-related social stressors remain unexamined. Methods A probability-based sample (N = 1751) of the US population age 20 and over was followed prospectively from February 2019 (T1), with subsequent interviews in May 2020 (T2) and August 2020 (T3). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess prospective relationships between T1 SPD with experiences of disruption of employment, health care, and childcare at T2. Binary logistic regression was then used to assess relationships of T1 SPD, and socioeconomic status and T2 pandemic-related stressors with T3 SPD. Results At T1, SPD was associated with age, race/ethnicity, and household income. SPD at T1 predicted disruption of employment (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.4–3.8) and health care (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.1) at T2. SPD at T1 (OR 10.2, 95% CI 4.5–23.3), low household income at T1 (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.4), disruption of employment at T2 (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.6), and disruption of healthcare at T2 (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5–7.2) were all significantly associated with elevated risk for SPD at T3. Conclusions Elevated risk for SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic is related to multiple psychological and social pathways that are likely to interact over the life course. Policies and interventions that target individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions as well as those experiencing persistent unemployment should be high priorities in the mental health response to the pandemic.

show abstract

Inequities in Employment by Race, Ethnicity, and Sector During COVID-19

Cited by 93 publications

References 22 publications

“We Are Anxious Every Day”: COVID-19 Impacts on Youth with Spina Bifida

“We Are Anxious Every Day”: COVID-19 Impacts on Youth with Spina Bifida

Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US

A longitudinal study of predictors of serious psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About