Inert Gas Atomization of High‐Nitrogen TRIP‐Steels

Korobeinikov, Iurii; Perminov, Anton; Heller, Hans‐Peter; Volkova, Olena

doi:10.1002/adem.201800753

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Surprisingly, simultaneous modification of ST and viscosity did not surpass the individual change of either ST or viscosity. From the previous work [15], it is known that formation of the frozen metal "crown" on the ceramic nozzle during the spraying may significantly affect the dynamic of metal flow rate from the tundish. In addition, during crown formation, the cone of gas jet should be distorted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modification of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Surface Tension for Inert Gas Atomization of Metal Powder

Korobeinikov

Perminov

Dubberstein

et al. 2021

Metals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inert gas atomization is one of the main sources for production of metal powder for powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing. The obtained final powder size distribution is controlled by various technological parameters: gas flow rate and pressure, liquid metal flow rate, gas type, temperature of spraying, configuration of nozzles, etc. This work explores another dimension of the atomization process control: modifications of the liquid metal properties and their effect on the obtained powder size. Series of double-alloyed Cr-Mn-Ni steels with sulfur and phosphorus were atomized with argon at 1600 °C. The results indicate that surface tension and viscosity modifications lead to yielding finer powder fractions. The obtained correlation is compared with the individual modification of surface tension with S and Se and modification of viscosity with phosphorus. Discrepancy of the results is discussed. Additives of surfactants and viscosity modifiers can be a useful measure for powder fractions control.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomizations of the metal samples were executed in the inert gas atomization unit VIGA-1B (supplied by ALD Vacuum Technologies) ( Figure 2). A detailed description of the unit can be found in previous publications [15,16]. The atomizer consists of two vacuum-tight steel chambers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Surface Tension for Inert Gas Atomization of Metal Powder

Korobeinikov

Perminov

Dubberstein

et al. 2021

Metals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examining obtained PSD values, manufactured powders remain in a range of typical values for this atomization unit under comparison to previously published works. [45,46] Korobeinikov et al [46] reported that d50 decreases by enhancing of the spraying temperature and decrease in the spraying rate. Nevertheless, these tendencies are not fully realized in the current study.…”

Section: Powder Size Distribution and Particles Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing Fe–TiC Composite Powder via Inert Gas Atomization by Forming Reinforcement Phase In Situ

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are materials that have a ductile matrix reinforced with a hard ceramic phase. This combination gives advanced mechanical and functional properties, such as high yield and tensile strength, modulus, and wear resistance. [1-4] Therefore, these materials are widely utilized in automotive, aerospace, medicine, and other high-tech industries. Traditionally, MMC materials are fabricated via the powder metallurgy route, where metal and ceramic powders are premixed and then sintered. [5] As the reinforcement phase, carbides, oxides, nitrides, and borides are normally implemented. Due to the rapid development of the additive manufacturing (AM) market, there is a demand for new materials that can be fabricated additively including MMCs. Moreover, MMCs are normally hard to machine adjusting a semiproduct to a final shape. Thus, manufacturing a nearnet-shape MMC product is an attractive solution, which can further promote the introduction of AM techniques. Dadbakhsh et al. [6] reviewed several attempts of MMC manufacturing via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) dealing with Al-, Ti-, and steel-based materials. Specifically, Yuan et al. [7] produced AlSi10Mg-5.8 vol% TiC composite material finding the optimal parameters for the sufficient distribution of the TiC-phase during a L-PBF process. Gu et al. [8] fabricated the Ti/TiC composite revealing a dependence of the reinforcement phase shape and its distribution in the matrix on the L-PBF process parameters and TiC content (up to 22.5 wt%). AlMangour et al. [9] investigated 316 L/TiC MMC with varying reinforcement phase content from 2.5 to 15 vol%. These examples describe the ex situ addition of the reinforcement phase to the matrix by mixing metal and TiC powders prior to the printing process. As an alternative, it is possible to fabricate the reinforcement phase in situ bringing needed elements in contact. Tjong et al. [10] summarized the benefits of in situ formation of the reinforcement phase: enhanced thermodynamic stability, strong interfacial bonding, sufficient reinforcement phase distribution, and refinement, which further improve the mechanical properties of MMC. In the recent years, the in situ approach for AM gained much attention among researches. [11-25] For instance, Promakhov et al. [24] produced Inconel 625/TiB 2 MMC material applying self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Obtained blocks were grinded to a coarse powder and then plasma spheroidized yielding spherical particles with TiB 2 reinforcements of 0.5-5 μm size. Thereby, this powder was successfully utilized for test samples fabrication by direct laser deposition technique (DLD). AlMangour et al. [12] utilized for L-PBF mechanically alloyed composite powder. For this experiment, 316L-Ti-graphite mixed powders were milled for 35 h

show abstract

Investigation of Sulfur Influence on the Atomization of Stainless Steels

Bartzsch,

Scherbring,

Richter

et al. 2024

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the alloying of stainless steels with various sulfur contents is investigated to obtain steel powders with significantly reduced mean diameters without changing the operational parameters of the atomizing unit. The steels are produced in a VIM12 furnace and atomized on a VIGA‐1B setup with high‐pressure argon. The desired reduction in the mean diameter is attributed to the decrease in surface tension with increasing sulfur content, which is in good agreement with previous findings. A transition from a positive to a negative thermal gradient of the surface tension is observed, along with a shift to higher temperatures with increasing sulphur concentration. In addition, the chemical assessment of the powders reveals a lower evaporation of manganese and a reduced increase in nitrogen content with increasing sulfur content. The sphericity and flowability are not affected by the addition of sulfur. Viscosity and density measurements are also conducted to characterize the steels thoroughly. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of manganese sulfide, which was submicron in size and well distributed. Iron sulfides, mostly attributed to hot shortness, were not observed, which was also confirmed by thermodynamic modeling using Thermo‐Calc software.

show abstract

Inert Gas Atomization of High‐Nitrogen TRIP‐Steels

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Modification of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Surface Tension for Inert Gas Atomization of Metal Powder

Modification of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Surface Tension for Inert Gas Atomization of Metal Powder

Manufacturing Fe–TiC Composite Powder via Inert Gas Atomization by Forming Reinforcement Phase In Situ

Investigation of Sulfur Influence on the Atomization of Stainless Steels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About