Inert gas diffusion in heterogeneous tissue I: Without perfusion

Hennessy, T. R.

doi:10.1007/bf02579476

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…Results from resting humans suggests that ϳ20% of total body nitrogen may be eliminated with oxygen at 1 ATA in the first 15 min (6), and ϳ25% at 2 ATA (10, 11). There is likely a critical volume of inert gas release necessary to induce DCS (20). In our swine model it is quite possible that the amount of nitrogen eliminated with OPB was adequate to decrease the incidence of DCS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short oxygen prebreathe periods reduce or prevent severe decompression sickness in a 70-kg swine saturation model

Mahon¹,

Dainer²,

Gibellato³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Mahon RT, Dainer HM, Gibellato MG, Soutiere SE. Short oxygen prebreathe periods reduce or prevent severe decompression sickness in a 70-kg swine saturation model. J Appl Physiol 106: 1459-1463, 2009. First published January 29, 2009 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91058.2008 survivors are expected to achieve saturation with inert gas. However, rescue procedures may not accommodate staged decompression, raising the potential for severe decompression sickness (DCS). Alternatives to standard recompression therapy are needed. It has been demonstrated in humans that isobaric oxygen "prebreathing" (OPB) can accelerate decompression in a DISSUB scenario. In-70 kg swine saturated at 2.82 atm absolute (ATA), 1 h of OPB eliminated death and reduced severe DCS. We hypothesized that even shorter periods (Ͻ1 h) of OPB before no-stop decompression from saturation at 2.82 ATA could reduce the incidence of DCS in a large animal model. Catheterized Yorkshire swine (68.8 Ϯ 1.7 kg) in individual Plexiglas boxes within a large animal hyperbaric chamber were compressed to 2.82 ATA for 22 h. Following saturation and while still at depth, breathing gas was switched to Ͼ95% O 2 for 45 min (OPB45), 15 min (OPB15), or 5 min (OPB05) of OPB, or no OPB (control). The chamber was then decompressed without stops (0.91 ATA/min). Observers then entered the chamber and recorded signs of DCS for 2 h. All OPB periods significantly reduced the risk of developing type II DCS. OPB45 eliminated severe DCS. Controls had a 2.5 times greater risk of developing type II DCS than OPB05 (P ϭ 0.016). OPB45 and OPB15 significantly reduced type I DCS compared with controls. These results support the potential of OPB as an alternative to staged decompression and that OPB could be expected to improve outcome in a DISSUB rescue scenario. disabled submarine; nonrecompressive therapy; preoxygenation; prebreathe EXPOSURE to hyperbaric air causes the human body to absorb inert gas. Levels of absorption are based on depth and duration as well tissue perfusion and gas solubility. After remaining at depth for an extended period of time the tissue beds become saturated with inert gas. When a diver's tissues become saturated with inert gas, further exposure at depth no longer increases the inert gas load (4,7,18). Decompression from saturation is generally a lengthy undertaking, with decompression from just 60 feet of sea water (fsw) requiring 14 -16 h of staged decompression (22,29).In certain situations this lengthy decompression may not be feasible. One such scenario is a disabled submarine (DISSUB). It is possible that the internal pressure of a DISSUB would increase based on partial flooding and the use of emergency air-breathing systems (25). Under such circumstances, it is likely that submariners waiting for the deployment of submarine rescue assets will achieve inert gas saturation. Lengthy decompression onboard a rescue vehicle, with their limited passenger capacity, imperils remaining survivors who are likely facing air contamination, fire, and other hazards. Lengthy d...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short oxygen prebreathe periods reduce or prevent severe decompression sickness in a 70-kg swine saturation model

Mahon¹,

Dainer²,

Gibellato³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Peripheral Inert‐Gas Exchange

Wagner

1987

Comprehensive Physiology

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The sections in this article are: Basic Principles of Peripheral Tissue Exchange Inclusion of Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Tissue Inert‐Gas Uptake and Elimination Comparison of Multicompartment Models With Actual Data Consideration of Tissue‐Blood Diffusion of Inert Gases Diffusional Shunts Intertissue Diffusion Evaluation of Assumptions Application of Inert Gases to Measurement of Organ Perfusion Technique 1: Average Organ Blood Flow by Measurement of Prolonged Inert‐Gas Uptake Technique 2: Blood Flow by Arterial Bolus Injection and Subsequent Tissue Washout Analysis Technique 3: Blood Flow by Arterial Bolus Injection and Measurement of Height‐Area Ratio of Concentration‐Time Curve Technique 4: Local Injection of Tracer and Measurement of Blood Flow by Monitoring Subsequent Removal Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Tissue Perfusion With Inert Gases Summary

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Shilling¹,

Werts²

1973

Underwater Medicine and Related Sciences

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Assessing the life support systems of the Ben Franklin submarine. In: Proceedings of the design engineering conference and show of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Chicago, May 1970, Paper 70-DE-60, 8p.With a successful completion of the Gulf Stream Dnft Mission, the Ben Franklin has more than proven itself. During this miSSion, a six-man crew was sustained for a little more than 30 days by a system that was quite umque In many respects. The system: (1) relied on natural convection for mmosphere control; (2) consumed essentially no electrical energy; (3) cost under $45,000 including expendables; (4) could have performed for 60 days with minor modificatIOns. (Author's abstract) (Aerosp. Med. BIOI.

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Inert gas diffusion in heterogeneous tissue I: Without perfusion

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Short oxygen prebreathe periods reduce or prevent severe decompression sickness in a 70-kg swine saturation model

Short oxygen prebreathe periods reduce or prevent severe decompression sickness in a 70-kg swine saturation model

Peripheral Inert‐Gas Exchange

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