1991
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(91)90294-w
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Inertia and muscle contraction parameters for musculoskeletal modelling of the shoulder mechanism

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Cited by 290 publications
(135 citation statements)
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“…To enable comparison of muscle forces, muscle forces were expressed as absolute values as well as a percentage of their maximum. The maximum muscle forces were based on a force of 100N/cm 2 of the physiologic cross-sectional area and obtained from Veeger et al 17,18 In our study, the lesion level was not simulated in the model by reducing muscle force in paralyzed muscles; therefore, all the muscles in the model could be used to balance the external moments. Because more force in the remaining muscles would be needed to balance the external moment, the predicted muscle forces would likely be underestimated.…”
Section: Biomechanic Modelmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…To enable comparison of muscle forces, muscle forces were expressed as absolute values as well as a percentage of their maximum. The maximum muscle forces were based on a force of 100N/cm 2 of the physiologic cross-sectional area and obtained from Veeger et al 17,18 In our study, the lesion level was not simulated in the model by reducing muscle force in paralyzed muscles; therefore, all the muscles in the model could be used to balance the external moments. Because more force in the remaining muscles would be needed to balance the external moment, the predicted muscle forces would likely be underestimated.…”
Section: Biomechanic Modelmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Some superficial soft tissues were removed; however, the origin and insertions of the deltoid muscle, rotator cuff muscles, both heads of the biceps, and the glenohumeral capsule were preserved. Number 2 Ethibond 1 sutures (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ, USA) were placed into the tendons of the three heads of the deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, the conjoint group, and the long head of the biceps to allow the application of physiologic loads via the shoulder instability simulator [10,11,13,14,23,25].…”
Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The nine sutured tendons were passed through alignment guides to ensure physiologic force vectors and connected to computer-controlled pneumatic actuators (Airpot Co, Norwalk, CT, USA). The conjoint tendon was loaded with 10 N and the supraspinatus, subscapularis, and the combination of the infraspinatus and teres minor were all loaded with 7.5 N each [10,11,13,14,23,25]. The anterior, lateral, and posterior heads of the deltoid muscle were each loaded with 5 N [11,18,23,25].…”
Section: Shoulder Simulatormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous authors have measured muscle architecture (Amis et al, 1979;Bassett et al, 1990;Veeger et al, 1991Veeger et al, , 1997 and moment arms (Otis et al, 1994;Kuechle et al, 1997Kuechle et al, , 2000Hughes et al, 1998) at the shoulder. Due to parameter variability and covariance, it is advantageous to measure parameters in conjunction with one another, rather than to use parameters from different data-sets (Hoffer et al, 1989;Hoy et al, 1990;Loren et al, 1996).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%