Inertia emulation with the concept of virtual supercapacitor based on SOC for distributed storage systems in islanded DC microgrid

Abstract

One of the main crises that the world will face is the over pollution of the environment due to the use of fossil fuels. This problem will be solved by replacing renewable energy sources (RESs). DC microgrids (DCMGs) provide the ability to exploit all the potential of RESs. But, high penetration of these sources reduces the inertia and damping of the DCMGs. Therefore, it makes DCMG vulnerable to fluctuations and disturbances. This challenge can be addressed by using distributed energy storage systems (DESS) in DCMGs and inertial simulations. To improve the inertia as well as to balance the charge/discharge of the DESS, the concept of a virtual supercapacitor based on the state of charge (SOC) is introduced. Under the proposed control strategy, DCMG inertia is provided and the SOC balance is maintained in charge and discharge mode. Due to the bidirectional power transmission capability, symmetrical structure and considering the protection purposes of dual half‐bridge converter (DHB) can be selected. A small signal has also been investigated to analyse the role of virtual inertia in stability. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the correct performance dynamics and high impact of the proposed scheme compared to conventional schemes.

Cost analysis of distributed storage in AC and DC microgrids

“…Secondary control involves direct communication between distributed assets, and relevant literature focuses on state of charge (SOC) balance [35,36] and minimizing transmission loss [37]. Prior work in tertiary storage control employs methods such as model predictive control [38] and power source virtualization based on SOC [39,40] to improve microgrid stability and inertia. Some DC research proposes a hierarchical scheme involving all three levels of control [41].…”

An Optimized PI Damping Control for Frequency Regulation in Low-Inertia Microgrid

“…where K P , K I and K D are proportional, integral and derivative coefficients of PIVD controller respectively. The output of PV is expressed as (9).…”

“…To enhance the dynamic stability and system reliability, VSG control techniques and different topologies which improve its performance are discussed in [4], [5]. A detailed review of the active power support and inertia emulation by VSG models is undertaken in [6], where inertia support is provided through energy storage devices like flywheel [7], battery ESS [8], super-capacitor [9] and superconducting magnetic ESS [10], [11]. In addition, hybrid storage configurations like battery-flywheel storage [12] and battery-supercapacitor combinations [13] are being used for inertial support.…”