Inexpensive gram scale synthesis of porous Ti₄O₇ for high performance polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes

Abstract

More than 2 grams of porous Ti4O7 supports for high performance fuel cell electrodes were synthesized in a single reaction by simply increasing the precursor mass used in the developed inexpensive route.

Review of carbon-support-free platinum and non-platinum catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells: will they feature in future vehicles?

“…4(k). The 172 m 2 g −1 BET surface area reported in our paper 36 was also well reproduced by Li et al , at 166 m 2 g −1 . 37 Micrometer-sized Ti 4 O 7 synthesized by a conventional method, annealing commercial TiO 2 powder under a reductive atmosphere (denoted as Ti 4 O 7 -L), resulted in a σ -value five orders of magnitude lower, at P = 3 MPa, two orders of magnitude lower at P = 25 MPa compared with fine Ti 4 O 7 particles.…”

“…Li et al recently synthesized fine Ti 4 O 7 particles using our carbothermal reduction reaction route with some modifications. 37 The σ -value reported in our paper 36 was well reproduced by Li et al 37 as shown by the open 36 and filled circles, 37 respectively, in Fig. 4(k).…”

“…62 Indeed, Raman spectra showed that fine Ti 4 O 7 particles contained a large number of oxygen vacancies on the surface. 36 Thus, contact resistance between Ti 4 O 7 particles, which is dominant for σ at low P , is suppressed owing to the high surface conductivity.…”

Constructing highly durable reversal-tolerant anodes via integrating high-surface-area Ti4O7 supported Pt and Ir@IrOx for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

“…The Ti Ti 4 O 7 was prepared by a facile hydrogen-free method developed elsewhere. 46 Typically, titanyl sulfate (TiOSO 4 ) was applied as the Ti precursor and then hydrolyzed as TiO 2 in water. Subsequently, PEG400 was added under continuous stirring so that TiO 2 was coated with a uniform PEG400 layer.…”

S-doped TiN supported N, P, S-tridoped TiO2 with hetero-phase junctions for fuel cell startup/shutdown durability

“…10 However, as these measures further increase the cost of FCVs, considerable efforts have been made over the last two decades to develop carbon-free materials as supports for platinum or platinum alloys. [11][12][13][14] The high loading of expensive and scarce platinum catalysts and the low durability of carbon supports are the major motivations to seek cathode catalysts that do not use platinumgroup metals (PGMs) or carbon supports. Researchers in the PGM-free catalyst community have developed so-called M/N/C catalysts, which are graphitic carbons with abundant defects doped with N and one or two metals (M); typically Fe, [15][16][17][18][19][20] Co, 21 or Mn.…”