Inexpensive Home Infrared Living/Environment Sensor with Regional Thermal Information for Infant Physical and Psychological Development

Abstract

The use of home-based image sensors for biological and environmental monitoring provides novel insight into health and development but it is difficult to evaluate people during their normal activities in their home. Therefore, we developed a low-cost infrared (IR) technology-based motion, location, temperature and thermal environment detection system that can be used non-invasively for long-term studies in the home environment. We tested this technology along with the associated analysis algorithm to visualize the effects of parental care and thermal environment on developmental state change in a non-human primate model, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). To validate this system, we first compared it to a manual analysis technique and we then assessed the development of circadian rhythms in common marmosets from postnatal day 15–45. The semi-automatically tracked biological indices of locomotion velocity (BV) and body surface temperature (BT) and the potential psychological index of place preference toward the door (BD), showed age-dependent shifts in circadian phase patterns. Although environmental variables appeared to affect circadian rhythm development, principal component analysis and signal superimposing imaging methods revealed a novel phasic pattern of BD-BT correlation day/night switching in animals older than postnatal day 38 (approximately equivalent to one year of age in humans). The origin of this switch was related to earlier development of body temperature (BT) rhythms and alteration of psychological behavior rhythms (BD) around earlier feeding times. We propose that this cost-effective, inclusive sensing and analytic technique has value for understanding developmental care conditions for which continual home non-invasive monitoring would be beneficial and further suggest the potential to adapt this technique for use in humans.

A Susceptible Period of Photic Day-Night Rhythm Loss in Common Marmoset Social Behavior Development

“…We explored the effects of photic environmental rhythm loss among non-human primates and analyzed its effect on their social development by utilizing methods involving social affective states and visualization based on digitized behavior under a particular social context, BOUQUET ( Senoo et al, 2011 ; Koshiba et al, 2013a , b , c , d , 2015 ; Karino et al, 2020 ; Tao et al, 2020 ). To focus on the major impacts of developmental disorders in socialization, we identified a set of social behavior factors for analysis involving the social view (theta), the rotation velocity, [d(theta)/dt|], approach (sy-closer, sp-closer), vocalization translated with three types of emotion (Ecall, Pcall, Tcall), and typical alert body motion (Shake).…”

“…We suggest a predictive method for visualizing psychological maldevelopment using a strategy of multivariate analysis called as BOUQUET [Behavior OUtput analysis for QUantitative Emotional state Translation ( Senoo et al, 2011 ; Koshiba et al, 2013a , b , c , d , 2015 , 2016 ; Mimura et al, 2013 , 2015 ; Karino et al, 2020 ; Tao et al, 2020 )] based on principle component analysis (PCA) of a subject’s behaviors. Since multiple kinds of epigenetic systems with susceptible period learning and the maldevelopment of neuronal circuit function have been reported ( Klin et al, 2015 ; Hertz-Picciotto et al, 2018 ), further investigation of supports for psychological development and in relation neurodevelopmental.…”

Sensing and Artificial Intelligent Maternal-Infant Health Care Systems: A Review

“…Thus, it is undoubtedly challenging to analyze humans during their regular daily life routine at home. Coping with these challenges, a detection system is proposed that uses low-cost infrared (IR) technology-based location, thermal environment, motion, and temperature sensors [82]. It is beneficial for long-term evaluation in the home environment.…”

Toward the Burgeoning Optical Sensors with Ultra‐Precision Hierarchical Structures Inspired by Butterflies

“…[ 32 ] IR detection has become an important tool for wide application because of its noninvasive nature and the unique information it reveals. Some typical examples include night vision, [ 7 ] surveillance or target tracking in the military, temperature monitoring in the field of health care, [ 1,33 ] and noninvasive temperature detection and mapping in the industrial field. [ 34–36 ] Although new thermal imaging approaches are innovative, these designs are limited owing to the measurements with high spatial resolution and achieving conformal designs.…”