Infant crying and abuse

Reijneveld, Sijmen A.; Wal, Marcel F. van der; Brugman, E.; Sing, R.A. Hira; Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17191-2

Cited by 312 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Despite these limitations, 1.9% of mothers and 3.0% of the general population in Vancouver agreed with the statement that "shaking is a good way to help a baby stop crying" (54). In Holland, 5% of parents reported shaking as a means of calming infants (55). Shaking as a means of discipline was reported for 2.6% of children less than 2 y of age in the Carolinas, and mothers reported shaking more frequently than fathers or father figures (56).…”

Section: Aht/sbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers

Barr

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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Head trauma from abuse, including shaken baby syndrome, is a devastating and potentially lethal form of infant physical abuse first recognized in the early 1970s. What has been less recognized is the role of the early increase in crying in otherwise normal infants in the first few months of life as a trigger for the abuse. In part, this is because infant crying, especially prolonged unsoothable crying, has been interpreted clinically as something wrong with the infant, the infant's caregiver, or the interactions between them. Here, we review an alternative developmental interpretation, namely, that the early increase in crying is a typical behavioral development in normal infants and usually does not reflect anything wrong or abnormal. We also review evidence indicating that this normal crying pattern is the most common trigger for abusive head trauma (AHT). Together, these findings point to a conceptualization of AHT as the consequence of a failure in an otherwise common, iterative, and developmentally normal infant-caregiver interaction. They also imply that there is a window of opportunity for prevention of AHT, and potentially other forms of infant abuse, through a public health primary universal prevention strategy aimed at changing knowledge and behaviors of caregivers and society in general concerning normal development of infants and the significance of early increased infant crying. If effective, there may be important implications for prevention of infant abuse nationally and internationally.infant development | colic | excessive crying | child maltreatment | parenting A busive head trauma (AHT), also known more commonly as shaken baby syndrome (SBS), is a devastating and potentially lethal form of infant physical abuse (1). The outcomes are grim. In recognized cases, AHT typically results in death or extremely damaging injuries. About 18-25% of babies who are shaken and hospitalized die (2-7). As many as 80% of survivors have significant lifelong brain injuries (3,8,9). Although currently under study, there are no published estimates of lifetime costs per victim specific to AHT. However, the conservative estimated lifetime costs per victim is $210,012 for nonfatal child maltreatment or $1,272,900 for a death from child maltreatment (in 2010 dollars) for a total estimated economic burdern in the US for one year of $124 billion (10). Given its relative severity compared to other forms of maltreatment, these per victim estimates are likely to underestimate the lifetime costs for AHT victims. Of course, the "costs" go far beyond financial considerations, and include the destruction of families and the failure of society's moral obligation to protect defenseless infants.Preventing child maltreatment of any kind is challenging (11) because of the lack of specific stimuli for abuse, the density and difficulties of modifying risk factors in which families of maltreated children are often embedded, and the challenges of getting appropriate supports to the families. However, the convergence of our increasing un...

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Section: Aht/sbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers

Barr

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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“…On the other hand, adult women with an insecure attachment representation show increased activation of the amygdala in response to baby cries (Riem et al, 2012) and heightened amygdala reactivity may partly stem from insufficient OT signaling (Kirsch et al, 2005). One may speculate that mothers with an insecure attachment style, which can be a result of problematic parental care experiences in the mother’s own childhood, are more prone to perceive infant distress as aversive, which can lead to frustration or even abusive behavior towards the child (Reijneveld et al, 2004). In addition, hyper-reactivity of the amygdala in response to infant distress as has been shown in ELS-exposed mothers is a neural correlate for maternal intrusive parenting (Atzil et al, 2011), which in turn is a risk factor for higher infant anxious and depressive behaviors (Wagner et al, 2015).…”

Section: Ot and Early-life Stress (Els) – Role In Shaping Neural Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin pathways in the intergenerational transmission of maternal early life stress

Toepfer

Heim

Entringer

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Severe stress in early life, such as childhood abuse and neglect, constitutes a major risk factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders and somatic diseases. Importantly, these long-term effects may impact the next generation. The intergenerational transmission of maternal early life stress (ELS) may occur via pre-and postnatal pathways, such as alterations in maternal-fetal-placental stress physiology, maternal depression during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as impaired mother-offspring interactions. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has gained considerable attention for its role in modulating all of these assumed transmission pathways. Moreover, central and peripheral OT signaling pathways are highly sensitive to environmental exposures and may be compromised by ELS with implications for these putative transmission mechanisms. Together, these data suggest that OT pathways play an important role in the intergenerational transmission of maternal ELS in humans. By integrating recent studies on gene-environment interactions and epigenetic modifications in OT pathway genes, the present review aims to develop a conceptual framework of intergenerational transmission of maternal ELS that emphasizes the role of OT.

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“…Como apontado por Leavitt (2001), essa percepção parental sobre o choro, influenciada pela cultura e pelas suas próprias experiências de vida, exerce um papel importante na resposta emitida pelos pais diante do choro do bebê, podendo ser mais relevante para a ocorrência dos maus-tratos do que as propriedades do choro em si (Reijneveld, Wal, Brugmanm, Sing, & Verloove-Vanhorick, 2004). De acordo com Dix e Reinhold (1991), atribuições negativas do choro podem levar à hostilidade, agressão e a respostas centradas no bem-estar dos pais e não do bebê.…”

Section: Nrl Lopes and Lca Williamsunclassified

Avaliação do Conhecimento sobre Trauma Craniano Violento por Pais Brasileiros

Lopes

Williams

2016

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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ResumO -A ocorrência do trauma craniano violento (TCV) pode estar associada à falta de conhecimento de pais e cuidadores sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Neste sentido, o presente estudo pretendeu investigar o conhecimento de pais sobre o choro do bebê, as estratégias para lidar com o choro e as consequências de sacudi-lo. Participaram da pesquisa 83 mães e 7 pais de recém-nascidos, que responderam ao instrumento Questionário sobre o Choro do Bebê. Os resultados do estudo sugerem um desconhecimento por parte dos pais sobre o TCV, principalmente no que se refere à sua gravidade. Além disso, 34,4% dos participantes relataram que sacudiriam seus bebês para fazê-los parar de chorar. Tais resultados parecem indicar a necessidade de desenvolver intervenções de educação parental sobre o TCV, especialmente durante o pré-natal, de modo a contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento dos pais, prevenindo assim tal forma de maus-tratos.Palavras-chave: trauma craniano violento, síndrome do bebê sacudido, abuso da criança, pais, relações pais-criança Brazilian Parents' Knowledge on Abusive Head TraumaABsTRACT -Abusive head trauma (AHT) may be associated to a lack of knowledge of parents and caregivers concerning child development. This study intended to investigate parental knowledge regarding the crying of babies, how parents deal with a crying baby and the consequences of shaking a baby to make it stop crying. Participants were 83 mothers and 7 fathers of newborns who responded to the Crying Baby Questionnaire. Results suggest a lack of knowledge of AHT, especially regarding its severity. Furthermore, 34.4% of participants reported that they would shake their babies to make them stop crying. These results highlight the need to develop interventions for parent training on AHT, particularly during the prenatal period in order to increase parental knowledge and to contribute to the prevention of this form of child maltreatment.Keywords: abusive head trauma, shaken baby syndrome, child abuse, parents, parent child relations (2001) a resposta parental ao choro do bebê é resultado da interação de três fatores: as características do próprio bebê, a cultura em que os pais estão inseridos e as crenças e expectativas que os pais apresentam sobre o bebê. Em relação ao primeiro fator, estudos apontam propriedades específicas do choro que contribuem para o sentimento de frustração que muitos cuidadores podem experienciar nos primeiros meses de vida de seu bebê (Barr, Paterson, MacMartin, Lehtonen, & Young, 2005;Green & Gustafson, 2001;James-Roberts, 2001). Essas propriedades podem ser resumidas por um aumento na média diária de duração do choro nas primeiras semanas de vida do bebê, que atinge um pico por volta do segundo mês (6ª semana), apresentando uma redução após o pico. Após o quarto mês de vida, o choro se torna mais intencional e mais relacionado com os eventos ambientais (Brazelton, 1962). Cabe destacar que esse padrão é observado mesmo quando consideradas as variações individuais na quantidade de horas que um bebê pode chorar ...

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Infant crying and abuse

Cited by 312 publications

References 4 publications

Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers

Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers

Oxytocin pathways in the intergenerational transmission of maternal early life stress

Avaliação do Conhecimento sobre Trauma Craniano Violento por Pais Brasileiros

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