Infant feeding and its influence on life, or the causes and prevention of infant mortality (3rd ed.).

Routh, C. H. F.

doi:10.1037/12747-000

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…But can it affect their milk production? Humans are not cows, but they still share mammalian roots and traditional wisdom has held a different view, as echoed by Routh, who commented over a century ago that Binsufficiency of food must produce insufficiency of milk [30].^Jelliffe and Jelliffe wrote one of the best examinations of this question in 1978, noting a large range of milk outputs recorded in various countries among populations of women with differing levels of income and nutrition. They concluded that while the volume and composition of milk in poorly nourished women was Bsurprisingly good,^it was also often Bsuboptimal in quantity and in quality…^and noted that limited studies that supplemented such women resulted in improved milk output [138].…”

Section: Maternal Nutrition: Does It Matter?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As far back as 1879, British physician Charles Routh described women who were Brather masculine in form and character^in his third category of deficient lactation types [30]. Androgens have an inhibitory effect on breast development and play a limiting role in breast growth by opposing the stimulatory effects of estrogen; an imbalance favoring androgens can result in suppression of mammary development [31] along with other symptoms such as hirsutism (excess body hair), alopecia (male-pattern balding) and adult acne.…”

Section: Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Routh listed advanced maternal age in one of his three categories of causes of Bdeficient lactation^ [30]. Yet, there has been little formal exploration of the impact of advanced maternal age on milk output even as lactation consultants field questions from mothers wondering if their age is the reason for their milk production struggles.…”

Section: Maternal Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Unsolved Mysteries of the Human Mammary Gland: Defining and Redefining the Critical Questions from the Lactation Consultant’s Perspective

Marasco

2014

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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Despite advances in knowledge about human lactation, clinicians face many problems when advising mothers who are experiencing breastfeeding difficulties that do not respond to normal management strategies. Primary insufficient milk production is now being acknowledged, but incidence rates have not been well studied. Many women have known histories of infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, hyperandrogenism or other hormonal imbalances, while others have no obvious risk factors. Some present with obviously abnormal breasts that are pubescent, tuberous/tubular or asymmetric in shape, raising the question of insufficient mammary gland tissue. Other women have breasts that appear within normal limits yet do not lactate normally. Endocrine disruptors may underlie some of these cases but their impact on human milk production has not been well explored. Similarly, any problem with prolactin such as a deficiency in serum prolactin or receptor number, receptor resistance, or poor bioavailability or bioactivity could underlie some cases of insufficient lactation, yet these possibilities are rarely investigated. A weak or suppressed milk ejection reflex, often assumed to be psychosomatic, could be related to thyroid dysfunction or caused by downstream post-receptor pathway problems. In the absence of sufficient data regarding these situations, desperate mothers may turn to non-evidence-based remedies, sometimes at considerable cost and unknown risk. Research targeted to these clinical dilemmas is critical in order to develop evidence-based strategies and increase breastfeeding duration and success rates.

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Section: Maternal Nutrition: Does It Matter?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Unsolved Mysteries of the Human Mammary Gland: Defining and Redefining the Critical Questions from the Lactation Consultant’s Perspective

Marasco

2014

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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“…The study showed that 63 percent of breast-fed infants were well developed at two years of age compared with only10 percent of infants given little breast milk. 37 With such large mortality and morbidity differentials between artificially fed and breast-fed infants the ability of the rich to hire wet-nurses when the mother's milk was not available would create a sizeable class differential in survival, even if the need was biologically necessary in only a small proportion of cases. If the advantage was greater for nursing-in than nursing-out, and if the English elite adopted nursing-in earlier than the French, then we would expect to find corresponding differences in infant mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Medical and Demographic Importance of Wet-Nursing

Hill

Johnston²,

Campbell³

et al. 1987

Canadian Bulletin of Medical History

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“…As early as 1860, London obstetrician Charles Routh [56 ]published a book devoted to infant feeding and mortality. The infant mortality rate remained around 150 per 1,000 live births in England and Wales for half a century.…”

Section: Artificial Feeding and Infant Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Historic Records on the Commercial Production of Infant Formula

Obladen¹

2014

Neonatology

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Industrialized food production first appeared in 1856, pioneered by Borden in the USA, Liebig in Germany, Nestlé in Switzerland, and Mellin in the UK. Their products differed remarkably and deviated from human and cow's milk, and physicians discussed the importance of minute variations in protein, fat and carbohydrates. Proprietary formulas were free of bacteria, and the companies prospered with mass production, international marketing and aggressive advertising. From 1932 on, medical societies restricted advertising to the laity. In 1939 Williams in Singapore and in 1970 Jelliffe in Jamaica suspected that commercial formula may be increasing infant mortality in the Third World. Breastfeeding continued to decline during the early 20th century, falling in 1970 below 10% in the USA. The Swiss ‘Third World Group' and the US ‘Infant Formula Action Coalition' linked infant mortality and industry marketing in the Third World. The controversy of 1970-1984 led to the WHO Code, which regulated the advertising and marketing of baby food. This was one of several public health statements contributing to the resurgence of breastfeeding.

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Infant feeding and its influence on life, or the causes and prevention of infant mortality (3rd ed.).

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Unsolved Mysteries of the Human Mammary Gland: Defining and Redefining the Critical Questions from the Lactation Consultant’s Perspective

Unsolved Mysteries of the Human Mammary Gland: Defining and Redefining the Critical Questions from the Lactation Consultant’s Perspective

The Medical and Demographic Importance of Wet-Nursing

Historic Records on the Commercial Production of Infant Formula

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