Infant sleep during COVID-19: Longitudinal analysis of infants of US mothers in home confinement versus working as usual

Kahn, Michal; Barnett, Natalie; Glazer, Assaf; Gradisar, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.11.004

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These findings are in line with evidence of longer sleep durations in older children during the 2020 pandemic [ [19] , [20] , [21] ]. They also correspond with our recent findings, indicating that infants of mothers in home-confinement had objectively longer nighttime sleep durations, compared to infants of mothers who were working as usual throughout the first weeks of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders in the USA [ 24 ]. The clinical implications of the additional 40 min of sleep per night found in the present study may be substantial (eg, up to 280 min of extra sleep per week), as extended sleep has been linked with a myriad of beneficial outcomes in young children, including improved physical development, health, emotion regulation, and cognitive functioning [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As done in previous studies [ 24 , 32 ], the following auto-videosomnography metrics were derived: (a) Nighttime sleep duration , indicated by the total accumulated minutes scored as sleep within the sleep period; (b) Sleep-onset time , specified as the first minute of five consecutive minutes of sleep; (c) Sleep-offset time , defined as the first minute of wakefulness following the last sleep segment, prior to the infant being taken out of the crib for the final time that night (d) Number of nighttime awakenings , characterised as awakenings lasting a minimum of 3 min within the nocturnal sleep period; and (e) Number of parental nighttime crib visits , indicated as the number of times parents were detected within the crib area throughout the night.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The restricted living conditions of COVID-19 may have therefore had a distinct impact on infant sleep patterns. A longitudinal investigation of infant sleep during the first wave of COVID-19 in the US found that infants of mothers in home-confinement had longer nighttime sleep durations and later sleep-offset times compared to infants of mothers who were working as usual [ 24 ]. Furthermore, during the first 2-weeks of the imposed lockdown, these infants additionally had earlier sleep-onset times and more fragmented sleep, though these differences were not apparent in later assessments (April–May 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 babies: auto-videosomnography and parent reports of infant sleep, screen time, and parent well-being in 2019 vs 2020

Kahn

Barnett²,

Glazer³

et al. 2021

Sleep Medicine

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Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted families, yet studies on its effects on infants and their parents have thus far been sparse and based mostly on retrospective parent reporting. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the impact of COVID-19 living conditions on infant and parent sleep, as well as infant screen exposure, parent daytime sleepiness, and parent depression levels, using multi-method assessment. Methods Infant and parent data collected in 2020 were compared with a matched cohort collected in 2019. The total sample included 1518 US infants aged 1–18 months ( M = 8.5, SD = 4.6; 54% boys). Auto-videosomnography metrics were obtained from the 14-day period prior to survey completion (number of analyzed nights: M = 12.11 SD = 2.66 in the 2019 cohort; and M = 11.91 SD = 2.41 in the 2020 cohort). Parents completed online questionnaires regarding their infant's sleep and screen exposure, as well as their own sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depression levels. Results Compared to 2019, infants in 2020 slept ∼40 min more per night on average, as indicated by auto-videosomnography. Infants additionally had earlier sleep timing, and increased parent-reported sleep-onset latency and nocturnal wakefulness. Infant screen time rose by 18.3 min per day for older infants, but remained stable for younger infants. Parents reported lower daytime sleepiness and higher depression symptomology during 2020, whereas no change was apparent in their sleep quality ratings. Conclusions Restricted living conditions during COVID-19 in the USA led to increased infant screen exposure and parental depression, but also to increased infant sleep duration and reduced parent sleepiness. Future research is needed to examine the mechanistic pathways through which COVID-19 impacted on infant and parent well-being.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 babies: auto-videosomnography and parent reports of infant sleep, screen time, and parent well-being in 2019 vs 2020

Kahn

Barnett²,

Glazer³

et al. 2021

Sleep Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, the increased risk of insomnia after 6 months of postpartum, whereas pre-pandemic studies report that postpartum sleep problems decline during puerperium mainly due to improved infant's sleep efficiency ( Dørheim et al., 2009 ). The sleep conditioning during peripartum is multifactorial ( Baglioni et al., 2020 ), which is complicated even more by the pandemic situation, with little evidence on sleep-wake patterns in infants and mothers suggesting that home confinement causes delays in sleep consolidation and fragmentation ( Kahn et al., 2020 ). Also, family factors (infant, couple, and other relatives) influence sleep homeostasis, such as the sleep habits and health of family members, who dynamically interact with women ( Saxbe et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggering of postpartum depression and insomnia with cognitive impairment in Argentinian women during the pandemic COVID-19 social isolation in relation to reproductive and health factors

et al. 2021

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Objective The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) required strict confinement measures that differentially impacted the individual's daily life. Thus, this work aimed to study postpartum women's mental health in Argentina during mandatory social isolation. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2020, which included five validated questionnaires to assess postpartum depression (Postpartum Depression Screening Scale‐Short Form), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), memory complaints (Memory Complaint Scale), metacognition (Brief Metamemory and Metaconcentration Scale), and breastfeeding self-efficacy (Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form). Sociodemographic variables, social isolation characteristics, and breastfeeding practices were also collected. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Statistical analysis included zero-order correlations, multiple logistic regressions, and a set of structural equation models (SEM) to test direct and indirect effects. Goodness-of-fit indices were calculated for SEM. Setting Postpartum women were recruited from public hospitals, private health clinics, and online community recruitment in the Cordoba province (Argentina). Participants 305 postpartum women from Argentina. Measurements and findings 37% of women reported postpartum depression, 46% insomnia, 42% memory impairment, 60% low metaconcentration, 50% low metamemory, and 23% low breastfeeding efficacy. Also, significant associations were found demonstrating that social isolation promoted postpartum depression and insomnia were reciprocally related, which compromised female cognition and efficacy. This situation was aggravated in women during late postpartum, with previous children, and by low social support (e.g., family, health professionals), with non-exclusive breastfeeding being increased. Key conclusions This is the first study addressing postpartum women's mental status during social isolation in Argentina, which was a promoting factor for postpartum depression and insomnia that were reciprocally related. This situation was also aggravated by reproductive factors, such as late postpartum, multiparity, breastfeeding frequency, and non-exclusive breastfeeding. Additionally, breastfeeding self-efficacy depended on mental health status, and euthymia therefore favoured the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.

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“…The sleep of infants and toddlers living in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic is understudied. Two studies of videosomnography data from the Nanit (New York, NY) baby monitor have assessed the sleep of US infants and toddlers during the COVID-19 pandemic 24,25 . One compared the sleep of US infants whose parents worked from home during the pandemic compared to those who maintained their traditional work schedule 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep of infants and toddlers during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the midwestern United States

Gupta

O’Brien

Dang

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine is dedicated to advancing the science of clinical sleep medicine. In order to provide subscribers with access to new scientific developments as early as possible, accepted papers are posted prior to their final publication in an issue.These papers are posted as received-without copyediting or formatting by the publisher. In some instances, substantial changes are made during the copyediting and formatting processes; therefore, the final version of the paper may differ significantly from this version.

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Infant sleep during COVID-19: Longitudinal analysis of infants of US mothers in home confinement versus working as usual

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

COVID-19 babies: auto-videosomnography and parent reports of infant sleep, screen time, and parent well-being in 2019 vs 2020

COVID-19 babies: auto-videosomnography and parent reports of infant sleep, screen time, and parent well-being in 2019 vs 2020

Triggering of postpartum depression and insomnia with cognitive impairment in Argentinian women during the pandemic COVID-19 social isolation in relation to reproductive and health factors

Sleep of infants and toddlers during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the midwestern United States

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