Infant Sleep Machines and Hazardous Sound Pressure Levels

Hugh, Sarah C; Wolter, Nikolaus E.; Propst, Evan J.; Gordon, Karen A.; Cushing, Sharon L.; Papsin, Blake C.

doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3617

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Another are broadband noise generators intended to help babies sleep, which many manufacturers recommend leaving on through the night during the first year of life. Despite concerns about the high noise levels put out by some of these machines ( Hugh et al 2014 ), and the possibility that they could impair CANS development (e.g., http://www.webmd.com/baby/news/20030417/white-noise-may-delay-infant-development ), their popularity appears to be on the rise.…”

Section: Hidden Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Etiology of Listening Difficulties in Noise Despite Clinically Normal Audiograms

Pienkowski

2017

Ear &Amp; Hearing

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Many people with difficulties following conversations in noisy settings have “clinically normal” audiograms, that is, tone thresholds better than 20 dB HL from 0.1 to 8 kHz. This review summarizes the possible causes of such difficulties, and examines established as well as promising new psychoacoustic and electrophysiologic approaches to differentiate between them. Deficits at the level of the auditory periphery are possible even if thresholds remain around 0 dB HL, and become probable when they reach 10 to 20 dB HL. Extending the audiogram beyond 8 kHz can identify early signs of noise-induced trauma to the vulnerable basal turn of the cochlea, and might point to “hidden” losses at lower frequencies that could compromise speech reception in noise. Listening difficulties can also be a consequence of impaired central auditory processing, resulting from lesions affecting the auditory brainstem or cortex, or from abnormal patterns of sound input during developmental sensitive periods and even in adulthood. Such auditory processing disorders should be distinguished from (cognitive) linguistic deficits, and from problems with attention or working memory that may not be specific to the auditory modality. Improved diagnosis of the causes of listening difficulties in noise should lead to better treatment outcomes, by optimizing auditory training procedures to the specific deficits of individual patients, for example.

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Section: Hidden Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Etiology of Listening Difficulties in Noise Despite Clinically Normal Audiograms

Pienkowski

2017

Ear &Amp; Hearing

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“…This results in the child becoming accustomed to these phenomena (27) . Therefore, such noise comforts the neonate/infant, reduces the duration of crying, relieves pain, including iatrogenic pain, helps the child fall sleep and prolongs sleep duration (17,19,20,27,28) . The use of white noise masks other sounds and noises of the external environment (13,19) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various positions, cuddling, rocking, kangaroo care and breastfeeding are used or sweet drinks are administered to relieve the baby's symptoms (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . Acoustic stimuli such as maternal voice, calm music (14,15) and white noise are also utilised (1,2,(16)(17)(18)(19) . White noise is a type of monotonous sound in the form of acoustic resonance whose spectrum is balanced across the majority of audible frequency range, without rapid changes in volume.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of white noise-emitting devices in infants and small children as assessed by their parents

Pietrzak¹,

Kurdyś²,

Surówka³

et al. 2019

PEDIATR MED RODZ

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Crying and anxiety in an infant are not only a defence reaction informing of a health problem, but also a signal of hunger, fatigue or difficulties falling asleep. There are many methods of reducing a child's adaptation problems. Various positions, breastfeeding, rocking and contact with the mother's skin are used. Currently, white noise-emitting devices are increasingly popular. White noise consists of monotonous sounds without volume changes, similar to the sounds of nature (rain, the sea), heard by the child during foetal life (the hum of large maternal blood vessels), which has a calming effect and masks the sounds of external environment. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the motives, efficacy and correctness of the use of white noise-emitting devices. Material and methods: A survey was conducted among 580 parents who used white noise-emitting devices (Szumiś, Whisbear, applications on personal electronic devices). The survey collected data on the parent population, the prevalence of the method, the reasons for choosing this method to relieve the child's problems, the device's efficacy and manner of use and users' awareness of potential hazards associated with incorrect use of such devices. Results:The results indicate a widespread use of white noise-emitting devices for helping children fall asleep and reducing their anxiety or colic pain, particularly in infants. Parents made a frequent use of these devices and left them switched on for a long time in close proximity to their children. They did not notice any negative effects of their use and would recommend them to other parents. Conclusions: White noise-emitting devices may be helpful in taking care of a restless child. However, they may be recommended by medical professionals provided that they comply with appropriate technical criteria and the rules for their use have been established considering the unknown long-term impact of such devices on the child's development.

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“…The volume of music and white noise ranged from 45 to 50 dB SPL using an A-weighted scale placed at or near the infant’s ear. 17 Sound source (iPod; Apple) was attached to children’s headphones. The headphones were placed on each subject for at least 6 hours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Music and White Noise on Electroencephalographic (EEG) Functional Connectivity in Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether listening to music and white noise affects functional connectivity on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit. Nine neonates of ≥34 weeks’ gestational age, who were already undergoing clinical continuous EEG monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit, listened to lullaby-like music and white noise for 1 hour each separated by a 2-hour interval of no intervention. EEG segments during periods of music, white noise, and no intervention were band-pass filtered as delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), lower alpha (8-10 Hz), upper alpha (10-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz). Synchronization likelihood was used as a measure of connectivity between any 2 electrodes. In theta, lower alpha, and upper alpha frequency bands, the synchronization likelihood values yielded statistical significance with sound (music, white noise and no intervention) and with edge (between any 2 electrodes) factors. In theta, lower alpha, and upper alpha frequency bands, statistical significance was obtained between music and white noise ( t = 3.12, 3.32, and 3.68, respectively; P < .017), and between white noise and no intervention ( t = 4.51, 3.09, and 2.95, respectively, P < .017). However, there was no difference between music and no intervention. Although limited by a small sample size and the 1-time only auditory intervention, these preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of EEG connectivity analyses even at bedside in neonates on continuous EEG monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit. They also point to the possibility of detecting significant changes in functional connectivity related to the theta and alpha bands using auditory interventions.

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Infant Sleep Machines and Hazardous Sound Pressure Levels

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

On the Etiology of Listening Difficulties in Noise Despite Clinically Normal Audiograms

On the Etiology of Listening Difficulties in Noise Despite Clinically Normal Audiograms

Use of white noise-emitting devices in infants and small children as assessed by their parents

The Effect of Music and White Noise on Electroencephalographic (EEG) Functional Connectivity in Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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