Infant Temperament Affects Toddler Language Development

Davison, Linnea; Warwick, Haven; Campbell, Kaitlyn; Gartstein, Maria A.

doi:10.20448/journal.509.2019.63.122.128

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This finding suggests that it could be helpful to give toddlers a choice of toys with different activity levels to help them regulate themselves when they are expected to handle a mildly distressing situation on their own. Temperament plays a fundamental role in the development of children across a wide range of competences, such as toddler language development (Davison et al, 2019) and school performance. In first graders, temperament variables accounted for 41% of variance in peer relations, 40% of variance in self‐management and 49% of variance in academic behavior beyond the contribution of ER (Séguin & MacDonald, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can you teach me not to be angry? Relations between temperament and the emotion regulation strategy distraction in 2‐year‐olds

2021

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Let's read a book, it will calm you down," "Go, play on the trampoline, it will help you feel better," "Come cuddle, it will soothe you." Parents use directives like these every day, to teach their children various strategies for regulating their emotions. In selecting and using strategies for emotion regulation (ER), there is no onesize-fits-all solution, as children might react differently to strategies proposed by parents or teachers, depending on their age, temperament, the adult's or their own current mood state, and probably other factors. Research is scarce on identifying specific components. The present study, therefore, investigates relations between toddlers' temperament, their ER strategy distraction and possible learning mechanisms through observational learning.Emotion regulation is fundamental in mastering every-day challenges and life in its entirety, including physical and mental health, personality, and relationships (Gross, 2007;Koole, 2009). ER can be defined as "the process of modulating the occurrence, duration, and intensity of internal states of feeling (both positive and negative) and emotion-related physiological processes" (Morris et al., 2017, p. 1). Put simply, ER is one's ability to regulate one's feelings. It is assumed to play a key role in the development and maintenance of mental well-being and mental disorders (e.g., Feng et al., 2009;Hannesdottir & Ollendick, 2007;Suveg & Zeman, 2004). There is empirical support for this assumption. For example, in prospective studies with children, adolescents, and adults, maladaptive ER strategies predicted psychopathology (Abela et al., 2012;Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2012;McLaughlin et al., 2011). Not only has maladaptive ER been linked to unfavorable outcomes, but adaptive ER has also been related to favorable outcomes, such as social competences in young children (Blair et al., 2015;Denham et al., 2003;Spinrad et al., 2007). In sum, there is consistent evidence that ER plays an important role in children's emotional and social development and mental health (e.g., Aldao et al., 2016), but that ER strategies are wide-ranging and dependent on individual factors. Hence, understanding factors that shape early ER and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can you teach me not to be angry? Relations between temperament and the emotion regulation strategy distraction in 2‐year‐olds

2021

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“…Our analyses focused on these 18 subscales and not on the three higher-order factors. This is because most of the existing literature used subscales (e.g., [16,17,31,32]). Comparison with previous studies is easier by focusing on subscales than using higher-order factors.…”

Section: Child Temperamentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the growing recognition of child temperament's role in language development in recent years, the link between them remains unclear (e.g., [16][17][18]). To our knowledge, four longitudinal studies have investigated whether child temperament was associated with language skill development using the temperament scale developed by Rothbart and colleagues [16,17,31,32]. All four studies supported the association, but unclarity remained regarding which subscale of temperament was associated with language skills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All four studies supported the association, but unclarity remained regarding which subscale of temperament was associated with language skills. Potential reasons behind this inconsistency include 1) the relatively modest sample sizes; for instance, the largest size was 148 in the study by Davison and colleagues [31], followed by 142 [17], 70 [32], and 47 [16]; 2) insufficient control of covariates including sex, birth weight, birth order, maternal age, maternal education, and household income; and 3) language skill was assessed only from the aspect of expressive skills (language productivity). Furthermore, several studies have reported associations between child temperament and expressive and receptive language skills during infancy and early childhood (e.g., [18,[33][34][35][36]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, these studies did not adopt scales developed by Rothbart [18,33] and were cross-sectional [34][35][36]; thus, longitudinal studies are required to investigate whether the association is causal. To date, few studies have examined whether early temperament is related to language development using a longitudinal design (e.g., [16,17,31,32]), and no specific subscales of temperament have been shown to be consistently associated with language development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early temperament as a predictor of language skills at 40 months

et al. 2022

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Background Mastering language involves the development of expressive and receptive skills among children. While it has been speculated that early temperament plays a role in the acquisition of language, the actual mechanism has not yet been explored. We investigated whether temperament at 18 months predicted expressive or receptive language skills at 40 months. Methods A representative sample of 901 children and their mothers who were enrolled and followed-up longitudinally in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children study was included in the analysis. Child temperament was measured at 18 months using the Japanese version of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Expressive and receptive language skills were measured at 40 months using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Results The multiple regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, suggested that higher motor activation (fidgeting) at 18 months was associated with lower expressive and receptive language skills at 40 months. Higher perceptual sensitivity was associated with higher expressive and receptive language skills at 40 months. Conclusions Specific temperament at 18 months of age predicted the development of the child’s expressive and receptive language skills at 40 months.

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Neurodevelopment in the First 2 Years of Life Following Prenatal Exposure to Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vrantsidis,

van de Wouw,

Hall

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe effects of prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection on child development throughout the first 2 years of life are unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with child neurodevelopmental outcomes during the first 2 years of life.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the longitudinal, population-based pan-Canadian Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic cohort, which recruited participants from April 2020 to July 2022. Children were categorized as exposed to prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection if their birthing parent had a positive polymerase chain reaction test performed by a health authority or as a healthy negative comparison if their birthing parent did not have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their postpartum dried blood spot sample.ExposurePrenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe birthing parent reported on their child’s temperament at ages 6 and 24 months, developmental milestones at ages 12 and 24 months, and social-emotional milestones at ages 12 and 24 months.ResultsA total of 896 children were included, with 96 children who had been exposed to a prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 39.20 [1.50] weeks; 45 [47%] male) and 800 were healthy negative comparisons (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 39.47 [1.54] weeks; 388 [49%] male). In analyses of covariance adjusted for prepregnancy medical conditions and household socioeconomic status, prenatal exposure to SARS CoV-2 infection was associated with slightly higher regulatory control scores, indicating more regulation, at age 6 months (difference in means, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.02-0.36]; P = .03; ηp2 = 0.01). No significant differences were observed for the other neurodevelopmental outcomes. In mixed models adjusted for the same covariates that aimed to examine change in outcomes over time, prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection exposure was not associated with developmental change in any neurodevelopmental outcomes between ages 6 and 24 months.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this longitudinal cohort study of multiple aspects of child neurodevelopment between ages 6 and 24 months, negligible associations between prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and child outcomes were observed. Follow-up research is warranted to determine whether these predominantly null effects persist into later childhood.

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Infant Temperament Affects Toddler Language Development

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Can you teach me not to be angry? Relations between temperament and the emotion regulation strategy distraction in 2‐year‐olds

Can you teach me not to be angry? Relations between temperament and the emotion regulation strategy distraction in 2‐year‐olds

Early temperament as a predictor of language skills at 40 months

Neurodevelopment in the First 2 Years of Life Following Prenatal Exposure to Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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