Infantile Overnutrition among Artificially Fed Infants in the Sheffield Region

Taitz, L S

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5744.315

Cited by 148 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…32,33 This correlation presumably reflects the ability of breastfed infants to self-regulate their milk consumption to match their energy needs. 34 The results of this study are consistent with previous studies that showed the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of developing obesity among infants [34][35][36][37] and shed some additional light on the potential mechanisms behind the association. Although the inverse dose-response relation that we found between breastfeeding intensity and excess weight supports the plausible biological roles of breastfeeding against childhood obesity, the association we found between infant-initiated bottle emptying and excess weight suggests that low self-regulation among bottle-fed infants, perhaps as a result of their inability to respond to internal satiety cues, may also explain why breastfeeding protects against childhood obesity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association of Breastfeeding Intensity and Bottle-Emptying Behaviors at Early Infancy With Infants' Risk for Excess Weight at Late Infancy

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that infants who were breastfed more intensively during early infancy (Յ6 months) will be less likely to have excess weight during late infancy (Ͼ6 months) and to examine the independent impact of infantinitiated bottle emptying and mothers' encouragement of bottle emptying on infants' risk for excess weight.METHOD. The sample consisted of 1896 mothers who participated in postpartum surveys of the Infant Feeding Practice Study II and who provided at least 1 weight measurement of their infants during the second half of infancy. We used multiple logistic regression models to assess the association between infants' risks for excess weight during the second half of infancy and 3 self-reported feeding practices during the first half of infancy after adjusting for a series of sociodemographic characteristics. The early feeding practices examined included the percentage of all milk feedings in which infants consumed breast milk (breastfeeding intensity), the frequency of bottle feedings in which infants initiated bottle emptying, and the frequency of bottle feedings in which mothers encouraged bottle emptying.RESULTS. Infants fed with low (Ͻ20% of milk feeds being breast milk) and medium (20%-80%) breastfeeding intensity in the first half of infancy were at least 2 times more likely to have excess weight during the second half of infancy than those breastfed at high intensity (Ͼ80%). Infants who often emptied bottles in early infancy were 69% more likely than those who rarely emptied bottles to have excess weight during late infancy. However, mothers' encouragement of bottle emptying was negatively associated with their infants' risk for excess weight during the second half of infancy.CONCLUSIONS. Infants' risk for excess weight during late infancy was negatively associated with breastfeeding intensity but positively associated with infant-initiated bottle emptying during early infancy. These findings not only provide evidence for the potential risk of not breastfeeding or breastfeeding at a low intensity in development of childhood obesity, but they also suggest that infant-initiated bottle emptying may be an independent risk factor as well. Pediatrics 2008;122:S77-S84 T HE ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE of 6-to 11-year-old US children considered to be obese more than quadrupled since the 1960s to ϳ19% during 1999 -2004. 1 The increase in childhood obesity was also observed among preschoolers and infants, with ϳ4-and 5-percentage-point increases among 6-to 23-month-olds and 2-to 5-year-olds, respectively, from the late 1970s to 2000. 2 Along with the rise in pediatric obesity, there has been an increase in the prevalence of obesity-related health conditions in youth, such as elevated serum lipid and insulin concentrations, asthma, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, that once were considered to be adult problems. [3][4][5][6] In addition, children who are obese have been shown to be more likely to develop psychosocial problems. 7 Given the numerous health risks associated wi...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association of Breastfeeding Intensity and Bottle-Emptying Behaviors at Early Infancy With Infants' Risk for Excess Weight at Late Infancy

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The almost 40-fold difference was attributed to the different fat composition of the proprietary brands of infant formula food on the market in the two countries (23). This finding comes at a time when there is some concern about the overfeeding of infants (5,13,17,19,20) and the quality of manufactured infant foods (2,6). On the question of overfeeding, part of the concern is connected with the uncertainty about the validity of the 'fat cell hypothesis', which suggests that overfeeding in early life leads to an overabundance of fat cells in the body, which in turn might predispose to life-long obesity.…”

Section: It Has Recently Been Reported By Widdowson Et Almentioning

confidence: 88%

Body Lipids of Guinea Pigs Exposed to Different Dietary Fats from Mid-Gestation to 3 Months of Age

Kirtland

Gurr

Widdowson³

1976

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pregnant guinea pigs were fed one of three diets: a control low-fat diet, or a high-fat diet containing maize oil or beef dripping. At birth some animals were killed and the remainder reared on the same diet as their mothers till 3 months old. Body weight, weight of various adipose tissue depots, size and number of fat cells were measured. Animals fed high-fat diets were fatter than control animals. On all diets females were fatter than males. In both instances the increase in adipose tissue mass was attributable to enlargement of fat cells. The composition of dietary fat had little influence on the cellularity of adipose tissue.

show abstract

“…However, whether or not an infant is breast-fed may have significant effects on neonatal nutrition and growth. Failure to breast feed in early infancy may lead to overnutrition and overweight infants (Taitz, 1971).…”

Section: Anthropometry and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, body size, and breast cancer

Micozzi

1985

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human epidemiologic and animal experimental evidence has suggested that excess intake of macronutrients (total calories, protein, fat) and deficient intake of micronutrients (p carotene, selenium) may be associated with increased incidence and decreased survival of breast cancer in women. The overall pattern of evidence, including migrant studies, has further suggested that dietary patterns in early life may be important to the long-term risk of breast cancer. Since cancer is currently thought to be a multistage process with a long latent period, early nutritional patterns which influence childhood growth and development may also influence the adult risk of cancer. Nutrition-mediated factors which may be associated with breast cancer risk include both anthropometric and reproductive variables. Enduring indicators of growth which can be measured in adults (e.g., stature, sitting height, frame size, lean body mass) may be reflective of early nutritional patterns which place women at increased risk of breast cancer. Anthropometric variables which may be related to adult nutritional patterns (e.g., absolute and relative fatness) are also associated with the risk of cancer in defined groups of women. Anthropometry may aid in the study of the relationship between breast cancer and the timing of nutritional excess, growth, menarche, and other risk factors. Other nutrition-related variables which may be associated with breast cancer include breast secretory activity, bowel function, and lactose tolerance. Recognition of the relationships among nutrition, body size, and breast cancer raises a new context for consideration of the adaptiveness of body size in human populations.Breast cancer, Anthropometry, Growth, Nutrition, MenThis review presents an explanatory model for the worldwide distribution of breast cancer, providing evidence for the role of nutrition and body size as risk factors for breast cancer. Evidence is provided in the context of nutritional, nutrition-mediated, and nutrition-related factors.Breast cancer has historically been the most frequent cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. The precise etiology of breast cancer is less well understood than that of many other cancers, and specific major risk factors have been difficult to identify. Kelsey (1979) has summarized the currently considered risk factors associated with breast cancer in humans. A few risk factors for breast cancer are associated with significant relative risks (magnitude of risk differential greater than 4.0), including increasing age, history of cancer in the opposite breast, history of bilateral premenopausal breast cancer in a firstdegree relative, and residence from an early age in North America or Northern Europe (as compared to Africa or Asia). Other risk factors are associated with small but significant relative risks (magnitude of risk differentials between 1.0 and 3.9). These include early age at menarche, late age at birth of first child, late age at menopause, single mar...

show abstract

Infantile Overnutrition among Artificially Fed Infants in the Sheffield Region

Cited by 148 publications

References 2 publications

Association of Breastfeeding Intensity and Bottle-Emptying Behaviors at Early Infancy With Infants' Risk for Excess Weight at Late Infancy

Association of Breastfeeding Intensity and Bottle-Emptying Behaviors at Early Infancy With Infants' Risk for Excess Weight at Late Infancy

Body Lipids of Guinea Pigs Exposed to Different Dietary Fats from Mid-Gestation to 3 Months of Age

Nutrition, body size, and breast cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About