Infantile Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus

Hu, Yin; Chowdhry, Shakeel A.; Robinson, Shenandoah

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5316-3.00190-8

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…Estes achados sugerem que de fato houve piora logo após o início do curso da hidrocefalia, mas que o tratamento com a derivação não foi suficiente para normalizar a performance motora dos animais. A avaliação da hidrocefalia por meio de RM constitui o padrão de análise radiológica do encéfalo, tanto na prática clínica quanto nos estudos experimentais encontrados na literatura (DEL BIGIO et al, 1997;DRAKE et al, 2006;GARNE et al, 2010;HU at al., 2011;MILLER et al, 2007). O primeiro parâmetro avaliado neste trabalho foi a razão ventricular, aqui calculada a partir da divisão (ou razão) entre a área do ventrículo lateral no corte coronal médio e a área total do encéfalo no mesmo corte, com o objetivo de comprovar a redução das dimensões ventriculares apos a derivação.…”

Section: 8 Pg/ml)unclassified

Análise dos efeitos clínico-radiológicos, histopatológicos e bioquímicos da derivação ventrículo-subcutânea na hidrocefalia induzida por caulim em ratos

Santos¹

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AGRADECIMENTOS"Ofereço, a todos que contribuíram para este trabalho, aquele âmago de mim que consegui salvar, de alguma maneira -o coração central que não lida com palavras, não trafica com sonhos e que é intocado pelo tempo, pela alegria, por adversidades." À minha esposa Leila, pelo apoio e amor incondicionais, e meus filhos Maria e Rafael, sem os quais a vida não teria sentido.A todos os meus familiares, especialmente meus pais Celso e Marlei, meus irmãos Patrícia e Fábio, meus sogros Lourival (in memoriam) e Gecilda e meus cunhados, que proporcionaram todas as condições para meu desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional.Ao Prof. Dr. Ricardo Santos de Oliveira, mestre e amigo, com quem aprendo continuamente e cujo exemplo seguirei orgulhosamente. As palavras não são suficientes para agradecê-lo. Introdução.A hidrocefalia é uma doença de complexa fisiopatologia, que não só afeta a dinâmica do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), mas também outras estruturas do sistema nervoso central, e consequentemente pode trazer sequelas graves em crianças. Sua fisiopatologia, principalmente no nível bioquímico-celular, ainda é pouco conhecida. Objetivos. Avaliar aspectos clínicos (ganho ponderal, comportamento motor e memória), radiológicos (razão ventricular e transferência de magnetização), histopatológicos (astrocitose reativa e proliferação celular na matriz germinativa) e bioquímicos (presença de interleucinas inflamatórias no líquor) na fase aguda da hidrocefalia experimental induzida por caulim e o efeito do tratamento com derivação adaptada (ventrículo-subcutânea). Materiais e métodos.Utilizaram-se ratos Wistar com 7 dias de vida, que foram divididos em três grupos: controle sem injeção de caulim (n = 5), hidrocefálico sem tratamento (n=17), e hidrocefálico tratado com derivação ventrículo-subcutâneo (DVSC), a partir do 7 o dia pós-indução (n=24 Introduction. Hydrocephalus is a complex disease, which affects not only cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, but also other cerebral structures, and therefore may result in severe disability for children. Its pathophysiology is still widely unknown, especially on a cellular-biochemical level. Objectives. Assessment of clinical (weight gain, behavior), radiological (ventricular index and magnetization transfer ratio), histopathological (reactive astrocytosis and cell proliferation over the germinal matrix) and biochemical (dosage of inflammatory interleukins) aspects of acute kaolin-induced experimental hydrocephalus and the effects of the treatment with an adapted shunt (ventricular-subcutaneous). Methods. 7-day-old Wistar rats were divided into three groups: untreated hydrocephalic (n=17), hydrocephalic treated with shunt on the 7 th day after induction (n=24) and controls (n=5). Hydrocephalic animals, both treated and untreated, were injected with a 15% kaolin solution on the cisterna magna, to produce hydrocephalus. Results. Weight gain was similar on both hydrocephalic groups but lower than in controls. Motor behavior was also worse than controls for both groups, but treated animal...

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Section: 8 Pg/ml)unclassified

Análise dos efeitos clínico-radiológicos, histopatológicos e bioquímicos da derivação ventrículo-subcutânea na hidrocefalia induzida por caulim em ratos

Santos¹

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Comparison of the use of ventricular access devices and ventriculosubgaleal shunts in posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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IntroductionVentricular access devices (VAD) and ventriculosubgaleal shunts (VSGS) are currently both used as temporising devices to affect CSF drainage in neonatal posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), without clear evidence of superiority of either procedure. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we compared the VSGS and VAD regarding complication rates, ventriculoperitoneal shunt conversion and infection rates, and mortality and long-term disability.MethodsThe review was registered with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42015019750) and was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Results and conclusionsThe literature search of five databases identified 338 publications, of which 5 met the inclusion criteria. All were retrospective cohort studies (evidence class 3b and 4). A significantly lower proportion of patients with a VSGS required CSF tapping compared to patients with a VAD (log OR −4.43, 95 % CI −6.14 to −2.72). No other significant differences between the VAD and VSGS were identified in their rates of infection (log OR 0.03, 95 % CI −0.77 to 0.84), obstruction (log OR 1.25, 95 % CI −0.21 to 2.71), ventriculoperitoneal shunt dependence (log OR −0.06, 95 % CI −0.93 to 0.82), subsequent shunt infection (log OR 0.23, 95 % CI −0.61 to 1.06), mortality (log OR 0.37, 95 % CI −0.95 to 1.70) or long-term disability (p = 0.9). In all studies, there was a lack of standardised criteria, variations between surgeons in heterogeneous cohorts of limited sample size and a lack of neurodevelopmental follow-up. This affirms the importance of an ongoing multicentre, prospective pilot study comparing these two temporising procedures to enable a more robust comparison.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2951-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Behavioral and Biochemical Features of the Course and Surgical Treatment of Experimental Obstructive Hydrocephalus in Young Rats

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Hydrocephalus is a multifactorial disease, affecting the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leading to severe neurological impairment in children; in spite of the recent advances in hydrocephalus research, it has many physiopathological aspects that still remain poorly understood, especially after treatment. Objectives: To analyze the clinical, radiological, histopathological, and biochemical aspects of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in an experimental model, both in the acute phase and after shunt treatment, by means of behavioral tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, histopathological studies, and level of inflammatory interleukins in the CSF. Methods: Seven-day-old Wistar rats were used and subdivided into three subgroups: treated hydrocephalic (n = 24), untreated hydrocephalic (n = 17), and controls (n = 5). The hydrocephalic groups underwent cisternal injection of 15% kaolin for induction of hydrocephalus at 7 days of age. The treated group was submitted to a ventricular-subcutaneous shunt (VSCS) 1 week after induction. All animals were euthanized at 21 days of age. They underwent motor function and memory testing as well as brain MRI scans. Histopathological analysis for glial fibrillary acidic protein and Ki-67 was done, and CSF was collected for measurement of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Results: The average time to reach the water maze platform was highest in the untreated hydrocephalic group. The magnetization transfer rates were 37.21 and 33.76 before and after shunting, respectively. The mean astrocyte counts were 2.45, 1.36, and 90.5 for shunted, untreated, and control animals, respectively. The mean CSF IL-1β concentrations were 62.3 and 249.6 pg/mL, the average IL-6 levels were 104.2 and 364.7 pg/mL, and the average TNF-α values were 4.9 and 170.5 pg/mL for the treated hydrocephalic group and the untreated group, respectively. Conclusions: Pups treated with a CSF shunt showed better performance on memory tests. VSCS did not revert demyelination caused by hydrocephalus. Likewise, reactive astrocytosis and cell proliferation over the germinal matrix were not reversed after shunting. Hydrocephalic animals had raised levels of inflammatory interleukins, which returned to normal after treatment.

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Infantile Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Análise dos efeitos clínico-radiológicos, histopatológicos e bioquímicos da derivação ventrículo-subcutânea na hidrocefalia induzida por caulim em ratos

Análise dos efeitos clínico-radiológicos, histopatológicos e bioquímicos da derivação ventrículo-subcutânea na hidrocefalia induzida por caulim em ratos

Comparison of the use of ventricular access devices and ventriculosubgaleal shunts in posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus: systematic review and meta-analysis

Behavioral and Biochemical Features of the Course and Surgical Treatment of Experimental Obstructive Hydrocephalus in Young Rats

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