Infecciones relacionadas con las aguas de recreo

Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio; Olea, Francisco; Berrocal, Clara I.

doi:10.1157/13128778

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Developing social capital enhances the ability to access outside resources (Dale & Newman, 2010), which is essential to sustainable community development hence the role of community empowerment is also important in ensuring compliance of industries. Risk based management and approach were also discussed in number of studies (Davis, 2016;Doménech-Sánchez et al, 2008;Fleming & Quilty, 2007;Fürhacker, 2008;Liao et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2015;Wardropper et al, 2017) hence enlarging the focus on the need of assessing environmental risk and emergency plan on measuring compliance. Requirement on regulatory is the main observation when measuring compliance and it is also being mentioned by (Despini & Teggi, 2013;Nwankwo et al, 2005;Wardropper et al, 2017).…”

Section: Compliance: An Elusive Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Malaysia's Environmental Waterways' Compliance with Industrial Effluent Discharge

Mokhtar

2023

Preprint

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The river is a highly dynamic environment and active ecosystem, human and industrial activity on its banks have an impact on it. Hence, continuous monitoring of industrial wastewater discharges is necessary to ensure environmentally sound waterways. Industries in Malaysia are increasing, and the number of polluted and slightly polluted rivers is also alarming. This brings up the main goal of this article, which is to describe the concept and categorisation considering the urgent need to improve Malaysia's river water quality and the industrial sectors role as a contributor to river pollution. The structure of this paper represents the argument on the essential issues of the field of study which is river pollution and compliance of industries with the focus area on Industrial Effluent Regulation 2009 (IER 2009) being observed. The purpose of this review is to provide better understanding to readers on the various concepts of rating parameters in measuring environmental compliances with industrial effluent discharges. The main idea in mind is to identify the themes in measuring compliances discussed in literatures and concludes with discussion on how the proposed compliance rating parameters should be selected with regards of research finding and documents review. The literature research identified four topics related to compliance of industrial effluent discharge: regulatory standard, policy, testing/laboratory requirements, and consent requirement. Plant operation, community empowerment, environmental risk and emergency planning, regulatory and environmental audit are rating criteria that are frequently covered in the papers that are being used to monitor compliance.

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Section: Compliance: An Elusive Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Malaysia's Environmental Waterways' Compliance with Industrial Effluent Discharge

Mokhtar

2023

Preprint

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“…Cryptosporidium, noroviruses and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains are the most important causes of diarrhoea, while Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus are the main causes of cutaneous infections (Doménech-Sánchez et al, 2008). These organisms are partly protected from the action of chlorine in the water; however chlorine-resistant bacteria were the leading cause of pool-related infectious outbreaks between 2000 and 2014 and hotels were the most frequent sites where outbreaks occurred (Hlavsa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Associated With Swimming Pool Water in Benin City, Nigeria

Okoruwa¹,

C²,

Ukpene³

2023

AJHSE

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Swimming pools are man-made recreational water bodies. These water bodies are supposed to be hygienic but due to human activities, they have been considered as sources of infections. The objective of this study was to ascertain the bacterial isolates found in some swimming pools in Benin City. Five swimming pools in Benin City identified as A, B, C, D and E were studied. A total of 15 samples (three from each pool) were collected in duplicates before and after the maximum bather’s load, and after the water change. Samples were analysed bacteriologically using standard methods. A total of 51 organisms were isolated with Staphylococcus epidermidis having a prevalence of 27.5 %/, Escherichia coli; 15.7 %, Staphylococcus aureus; 15.7 %, Enterobacter aerugenes; 13.7 %, Klebsiella aerogenes; 13.7 %, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 5.9 %, Klebsiella pneumonia; 3.2% and Streptococcus faecalis; 3.2%. The mean viable colony counts of 1.60x 102 /ml, 7.33 x 102 /ml, 9.00 x 102 /ml, 1.60 x 102 /ml and 7.30 x 102 /ml at 37 oC were obtained from A, B, C, D and E pools respectively. It was observed that water from swimming pools B, C and E were contaminated with mean viable counts exceeding the recommended 200 colony counts/ml and detection of Escherichia coli in 100 ml. The high bacterial load and the isolation of pathogenic bacteria from the pools demonstrate the need for pool health authorities to improve surveillance, improve pool decontamination standards, and educate swimmers on hygiene before entering pools. This study emphasis the need for proper hygienic maintenance of swimming pools and the need for a bacteriological standard to be drawn up for swimming pools in Nigeria.

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“…Some pathogens, including Legionella and Escherichia coli, are present in pool water (World Health Organization, 2005). Coliform bacteria and pseudomonads are the most frequently isolated microorganisms in pool waters in our community (Doménech-Sánchez et al, 2008). Chemical compounds may also become hazardous.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water loss in swimming pool filter backwashing processes in the Balearic Islands (Spain)

Doménech-Sánchez

Laso²,

Berrocal³

2021

Water Policy

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Swimming pools are a major contributor to water consumption in our community. However, the high water loss associated with filter cleaning is unknown. In this work, we investigate the current procedures for filter backwashing in public swimming pools by questionnaires to owners and managers. Then, we use the collected data to estimate their environmental and economic costs. Besides, we measure several parameters in the field during the process performed in four representative swimming pools. The investigation revealed that the water loss associated with filter cleaning in public swimming pools arises to 5.5 million m3 water per year, which represents an expense of 13.96 million €. Based on our results, the followed protocols were inappropriate in most cases, indicating that even the required water amount would be higher. The most suitable parameters for filter backwashing monitoring were combined chlorine, ammonium, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The necessity for specific strategies and legislation for the management of these installations, the treatment of the generated wastewater, as the implementation of different technological solutions to reduce water loss are discussed.

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Infecciones relacionadas con las aguas de recreo

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Review of Malaysia's Environmental Waterways' Compliance with Industrial Effluent Discharge

Review of Malaysia's Environmental Waterways' Compliance with Industrial Effluent Discharge

Bacterial Associated With Swimming Pool Water in Benin City, Nigeria

Water loss in swimming pool filter backwashing processes in the Balearic Islands (Spain)

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