Infection-Acquired Versus Vaccine-Induced Immunity Against Covid-19

Velikova, Tsvetelina

doi:10.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.05

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Vaccine hesitancy may be a major factor in reducing vaccination coverage in this at-risk group. Groups more susceptible to COVID-19 may be more prone to vaccine hesitancy [ 24 ]. However, one study has shown that since the onset of the pandemic, patients with AIRD have been more diligent in getting their influenza vaccines [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the BBV152 vaccines in 724 patients with rheumatic diseases: a post-vaccination cross-sectional survey

Cherian¹,

Paul²,

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Rheumatol Int

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Patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal (RMD) diseases may be at higher risks for COVID-19 infection. Data on the safety of the adenoviral vector-borne ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the heat-inactivated BBV152 Vaccines in this group are limited. 724 patients with RMD who had received at least one dose of either the ChAdOx1 or the BBV152 were audited to find out post-vaccination adverse effect (AE) or disease flares. The AE rates in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) were compared with those with non-AIRD RMDs. The mean age of the cohort was 59.9 (± 10.43) years with a female ( n = 581; 80.24%) majority. 523 (70.8%) had AIRD. The ChAdOx1 and the BBV152 vaccines were received by 624 (86.18%) and 77 (10.63%), respectively. 23 (3.17%) were unaware of which vaccine they had received. 238 (32.87%) of patients had at least one comorbidity. 436 (60.22%) participants [306 (59.64%) of those with AIRD and 130 (61.61%) with other RMDs] had at least one adverse effect (AE). Four patients reported flare of arthritis that resolved within 5 days. No patient had any severe AE or required hospitalization. All AEs were self-limiting. Both the ChAdOx1 and the BBV152 vaccines appear safe in RMDs. AEs do not differ between patients with AIRD or non-AIRD. This information can help negate vaccine hesitancy amongst all stakeholders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00296-021-04917-0.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the BBV152 vaccines in 724 patients with rheumatic diseases: a post-vaccination cross-sectional survey

Cherian¹,

Paul²,

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Rheumatol Int

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“…The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus is known for its numerous virulence factors, which together with the immunological processes following infection contribute to the organism's deterioration during coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of the illness involves both humoral and cellular immunological responses [1], with cellmediated immunity being discussed as the primary and most effective immune response to viral infection [2]. Immune memory and reinfection remain non-elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon-gamma release assays outcomes in healthy subjects following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

et al. 2022

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The pathogenesis of COVID-19 involves both humoral and cellular immunological responses, with cell-mediated immunity being discussed as the primary and most effective immune response to viral infection. It is supposed that COVID-19 vaccines also elicited effective cell immune response, and specifically IFNγ secreted by SARS-CoV-2-specific T-helper 1 and Tcytotoxic cells. Using an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test, we aimed to monitor cellular post-vaccination immunity in healthy subjects vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty). We tested 37 healthcare workers (mean age 54.3 years, range 28-72, 22 females, 15 males) following COVID-19 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 15 healthy unvaccinated native persons as control subjects using QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 RUO test, performed approximately 1 month after vaccination. We also measured virus-neutralizing antibodies. Thirty-one out of 37 tested subjects had significantly raised levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IFNγ against SARS-CoV-2 Ag1 and Ag2 1 month following COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, we found a significant difference between the IFNγ levels in fully vaccinated subjects and the control group (p < 0.01).We also found a substantial correlation (r = 0.9; p < 0.01) between virus-neutralizing antibodies titers and IFNγ concentrations released by T cells. We believe that IGRA tests are an excellent tool to assess the development of a post-vaccination immune response when immunized against SARS-CoV-2. However, IGRA-based tests should be performed within a few weeks following vaccination. Therefore, we can speculate that the application of these tests to assess long-term immune response is debatable. KeywordsCOVID-19 • Interferon-gamma • Interferon-gamma release assay • SARS-CoV-2 • mRNA COVID-19 vaccine • BNT162b2 vaccine • T cytotoxic cells • T helper cells • Cellular immune response • Immune memory

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“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerges as a clinical reflection of the interaction between the immune system of individuals and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. Although some patients have a mild or asymptomatic disease process, severe COVID-19 is clinically closely related to thromboembolic complications and respiratory failure [2].…”

Section: Covid-19 and Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Approaches in Thrombosis Associated With Covid-19

Koçyiğit

Akyol

2021

CAJMHE

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An increasing number of publications have supported the determination of thrombosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite prophylactic drug applications, post-COVID-19 thrombosis cannot be completely prevented. Thrombosis becomes a complex problem that is difficult to avoid, particularly in intensive care patients. It is also possible to see cases of thromboembolism secondary to quarantine and home isolation. In addition to the classical pathophysiological mechanisms in Virchow’s triad, more complex processes specific to COVID-19 may also trigger thrombosis. The aims of this review were to describe physical medicine and rehabilitation practices that can be applied in addition to medical recommendations for thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, and to explain the specific features and mechanism of action of these methods. This process, which starts with education sessions, should continue to reduce immobility as much as possible. Personalized exercise programs should be recommended after evaluating the individual’s condition, exercise history, risk of falling, and comorbid diseases. In parallel with technological progress, more innovative devices have been developed and thus mechanical compression methods and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have become available for this purpose. The most important features of physical medicine and rehabilitation practices are the relatively low cost and the low incidence of complications.

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Infection-Acquired Versus Vaccine-Induced Immunity Against Covid-19

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Safety of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the BBV152 vaccines in 724 patients with rheumatic diseases: a post-vaccination cross-sectional survey

Safety of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the BBV152 vaccines in 724 patients with rheumatic diseases: a post-vaccination cross-sectional survey

Interferon-gamma release assays outcomes in healthy subjects following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Approaches in Thrombosis Associated With Covid-19

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