Infection and apparent invasion of vero cells byParacoccidioides brasiliensis

Induction of apoptosis in A549 pulmonary cells by two Paracoccidioides brasiliensis samples

“…The death of cells with internalised P. brasiliensis yeast cells could allow the yeast to disseminate to distant sites, such as the metastatic focus. The fungus is not a simple clone with a constant phenotype; inter and intra-variations tend to occur (Macoris et al Several studies have demonstrated the ability of P. brasiliensis to adhere to and invade cells (Mendes-Giannini et al 1994, Monteiro da Silva et al 2007) and the adhesion varies depending on the isolate studied . Pathogen entry into host cells is initiated by the fungus gaining access to the cell surface, which then generates signals to induce internalization of the fungus.…”

Interactions of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis with host cells: recent advances

“…A cell line derived from human alveolar epithelial cells, A-549, has been used as an in vitro type II pulmonary epithelial cell model, as have Vero and HeLa cells [26,27]. These models have been developed to study the steps that occur between the initial contacts of P. brasiliensis, and the events that culminate in its entering the cell [28,29]. The adherence phenomenon varies among strains and correlates with their virulence [30]; strains that are more virulent in animals exhibit enhanced adhesion in vitro.…”

The influence of carbohydrates in the interaction of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis with CCL-6 cells in vitro

“…Most of our knowledge concerning the interaction between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its host cell is derived from studies using in vitro cell culture models 6,7,14 . However, although insightful, these reports did not assess the role of particular components in the infection.…”

“…The adhesion P. brasiliensis to cultured cells has been previously reported 6,14 . Vero, LLC-MK 2 and Henle-407 epithelial cell lines are able to support P. brasiliensis adhesion and infection 15 .…”

“…For the latter, binding to the host occurs through the interaction with adhesion components, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which act as interlinking molecules 6,7 . For a number of pathogens, the ability to bind ECM glycoproteins and the capability of internalization are considered to be important characteristics, and molecules, such as laminin, fibronectin, integrin and carbohydrates, mediate these events 6 . The diagnostic glycoprotein gp 43 , which is present on the P. brasiliensis cell wall, has binds to laminin 8 .…”