Infection and diabetes: The case for glucose control

Intensive glucose control after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective matched-cohort study

“…The reduction in infectious diseases by IGC may reflect the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on macrophage or neutrophil function or insulin-induced protective effects on mucosal and skin barriers. [24][25][26][27] The improvement of innate immunity could be quite important, especially during the period of granulocytopenia after allogeneic HSCT. The protection of mucosal tissues could reduce bacterial translocation, which might lead to a reduced incidence of sepsis.…”

Mast cell changes in experimental diabetes: focus on attenuation of allergic events

“…There is some evidence that diabetics present a deficiency in mounting an inflammatory response, probably associated with severe reduction in insulin secretion rather than increased blood glucose levels (Garcia Leme et al 1973, Garcia Leme & Farsky 1993. This is still a controversial point as other investigators have suggested a direct correlation between hyperglycemia and the incidence of infection in diabetic patients (Rayfield et al 1982). A number of studies shows that diabetic animals present a decreased response to intradermally administered bradykinin and vasoactive amines as well as swelling induced by dextran, carrageenan, and cellulose sulphate, indicating alteration in the microcirculatory reactivity (Garcia-Leme et al 1974, Fortes et al 1984, Akamine et al 2003.…”

Humoral immune response and delayed type hypersensitivity to influenza vaccine in patients with diabetes mellitus

“…The increased risk of complications in these patients is generally ascribed to the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis [4] and secondary bacterial infection, mainly by Staphylococcus aureus [5]. Patients with diabetes mellitus are often carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, and they have been shown to have an impaired immune response to this micro-organism [6,7].…”