Infection-Associated Preterm Birth: Advances From the Use of Animal Models

Kemp, Matthew W.; Musk, Gabrielle C.; Usuda, Haruo; Saito, Masatoshi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809468-6.00030-9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Традиційно вважають, що найбільш поширеною причиною передчасних пологів (ПП) є інфекційний процес [2]. На доказ концепції, що ПП є результатом передчасної активації запального процесу, свідчить той факт, що 79% передчасно народжених дітей мають прояви інфікування [3,4].…”

Section: Labour As a Manifestation Of Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ...unclassified

Labour as a manifestation of systemic inflammatory reaction (Literature review)

Zahorodnia,

Motsyuk,

Amerkhanova

2023

RHW

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Childbirth is the result of a rapid biological reaction, in which the humoral and cellular links of immunity take part. Therefore, all attempts to stop the uterine premature contractile activity at the level of the myometrium have only a temporary effect. This review deals with the modern scientific data about the role of immune mechanisms in the labor activity origin from the point of view of the possibilities of predicting its anomalies and pathogenetically based treatment of premature labor.Cytokine balance plays a role already in the process of implantation, during the interaction between the endometrium and the fertilized egg. The increased content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the endometrium is more typical for the women with normal implantation than for the patients with recurrent reproductive losses. Endometrial decidualization, vascular remodeling occurs under the influence of pro-inflammatory mediators. The traditional view of the preterm labor pathogenesis assumes its infectious nature, which is confirmed by the prevalence of infection in premature newborns and is explained by the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators.Modern opinions regarding the primacy of the inflammatory response in premature rupture of the fetal membranes are outlined. The heterogeneity of the inflammatory response in different patients found an explanation in the polymorphism of genes encoding the main receptors of the immune response – TOLL receptors. The discovery of numerous proteins of the acute inflammation phase led to the search for their role in the implementation of labor activity. So far, the ability to stimulate labor activity has been shown for FCGR3A protein and haptoglobin.Inadequate consideration of the inflammatory reaction role, in particular its systemic nature, in the pathogenesis of premature labor has led to an overestimation of the possibilities of tocolytic therapy. Meta-analyses indicate that the use of tocolytics, despite the effective increase in the duration of pregnancy, does not improve the condition and prognosis of the newborn. Most tocolytic drugs have a point of application of a part of the myocyte, contact with which blocks its contraction. However, all of them, with the exception of indomethacin, do not affect the immunological causes of the development of premature labor, and therefore do not eliminate their effect on the fetus.The inflammatory reaction does not always have an infectious origin, so the management of routinely prescribing antibacterial drugs to prevent premature births has also not spread. At present, it should be recognized that powerful inflammatory processes underlying labor activity, premature in particular, in most cases determine the inevitability of premature birth.Research on finding the regulation of inflammatory mechanisms for the regulation of labor activity can be considered promising, but they are in the early theoretical stages. For a modern doctor, the systemic nature of the inflammatory reaction is of practical importance for understanding the reasons for the rapid generalization of the process in chorioamnionitis, timely diagnosis and response, as well as the features of the course of the early neonatal period.

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Section: Labour As a Manifestation Of Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ...unclassified

Labour as a manifestation of systemic inflammatory reaction (Literature review)

Zahorodnia,

Motsyuk,

Amerkhanova

2023

RHW

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“…The placenta is an immuno-suppressed organ compared to other organs like the liver and the spleen which makes it easy for the bacteria to colonize there. Intrauterine infection is considered a leading cause of early preterm birth and data from clinical and experimental studies suggest that infection accounts for upward of 40% of these high-risk preterm deliveries (Kravetz and Federman, 2005 ; Kemp et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Pre-birth Susceptibility To Future Admentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s Never Too Early or Too Late—End the Epidemic of Alzheimer’s by Preventing or Reversing Causation From Pre-birth to Death

Trempe¹,

Lewis²

2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The path to sporadic Alzheimer’s is a tragic journey beginning prior to birth and ending in the most dreaded disease of society. Along the disease path are a myriad of clues that portend AD, many of which are complaints of seemingly unrelated conditions from chronic migraines, mood disorders, eye diseases, metabolic syndromes, periodontal diseases, hormonal and autoimmune diseases. Properly treating, not just managing, these diseases, prior to onset of dementia, may significantly reduce dementia incidences. Current high levels of health complaints reflect a state of generalized poor health and compromised immunity. During the mid-Victorian era, people were long-lived yet healthy, suffering from chronic diseases at one tenth the rate of peoples today. It’s our poor health, at any age that increases susceptibility to chronic diseases and Alzheimer’s. Infection is involved in many cases of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases but is also implicated in many chronic conditions. Scientists looking for causation recognize that Alzheimer’ is multifactorial and systemic—not “brain only.” To slow, stop and reverse the AD epidemic, identification and reversal of causal factors must occur across the entire life spectrum of humans. This approach simply gives consideration to enhancing immune status of our bodies and brain, and controlling inflammation and infection, throughout the entire age spectrum. Infection is a causal factor, but the root cause is multi-factorial and immune health related. Pasteur stated it best when acknowledging the work of Bernard in 19th Century France, “The seed is nothing, the soil is everything.”

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Infection-Associated Preterm Birth: Advances From the Use of Animal Models

Cited by 2 publications

References 232 publications

Labour as a manifestation of systemic inflammatory reaction (Literature review)

Labour as a manifestation of systemic inflammatory reaction (Literature review)

It’s Never Too Early or Too Late—End the Epidemic of Alzheimer’s by Preventing or Reversing Causation From Pre-birth to Death

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