Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Is Not a Risk Factor for Amebiasis

Morán, Patricia; Ramos, Fernando; Ramiro, Manuel; Curiel, Octavio; González, Enrique; Valadéz, Alicia; Gómez, Alejandro; Garcı́a, Gabriela; Melendro, Emma I.; Ximénez, Cecilia

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.296

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…dispar mixed infections) was 25.3% compared to 18.4% in a control HIV-group. The prevalence of mixed infections in particular, as determined by PCR, was very high in HIV/AIDS patients (13.3%) compared to a control group (0.7%) (Moran et al, 2005). In the Mexican study, none of the E. histolytica-infected individuals, whether HIV-infected or not, developed clinical symptoms within 12 months.…”

Section: Prevalence Of E Histolytica Infection In Hiv/aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Molecular epidemiology of amebiasis

Ali

Clark

Petri

2008

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

131

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Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amebiasis, remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is responsible for up to 100,000 deaths worldwide each year. Entamoeba dispar, morphologically indistinguishable from E. histolytica, is more common in humans in many parts of the world. Similarly Entamoeba moshkovskii, which was long considered to be a free-living ameba, is also morphologically identical to E. histolytica and E. dispar, and is highly prevalent in some E. histolytica endemic countries. However, the only species to cause disease in humans is E. histolytica. Most old epidemiological data on E. histolytica are unusable as the techniques employed do not differentiate between the above three Entamoeba species. Molecular tools are now available not only to diagnose these species accurately but also to study intra-species genetic diversity. Recent studies suggest that only a minority of all E. histolytica infections progress to development of clinical symptoms in the host and there exist population level differences between the E. histolytica strains isolated from the asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Nevertheless the underlying factors responsible for variable clinical outcome of infection by E. histolytica remain largely unknown. We anticipate that the recently completed E. histolytica genome sequence and new molecular techniques will rapidly advance our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of amebiasis.

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Section: Prevalence Of E Histolytica Infection In Hiv/aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Molecular epidemiology of amebiasis

Ali

Clark

Petri

2008

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

131

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“…The consistent genetic diversity detected between the 18S rDNAs of E. histolytica and E. dispar initiated the use of 18S rDNA as a target for differentiation of the two species (31,32,36,138). DNA extracted from laboratory-cultured trophozoites and DNA recovered directly from microscopy-positive fecal samples using the manual and automated methods were tested, and the PCR methods proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting Entamoeba DNA (33,34,82,116,117,141,142,192,196,199). PCR assays targeting 18S rDNA are widely used for the detection and differentiation of Entamoeba species, as these targets are present on multicopy, extrachromosomal plasmids in the amebae (15), making the 18S rDNA more easily detected than a DNA fragment of a single-copy gene.…”

Section: Conventional Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnostic Techniques for Entamoeba Species

et al. 2007

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SUMMARY The genus Entamoeba contains many species, six of which (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba polecki, Entamoeba coli, and Entamoeba hartmanni) reside in the human intestinal lumen. Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis and is considered a leading parasitic cause of death worldwide in humans. Although recent studies highlight the recovery of E. dispar and E. moshkovskii from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, there is still no convincing evidence of a causal link between the presence of these two species and the symptoms of the host. New approaches to the identification of E. histolytica are based on detection of E. histolytica-specific antigen and DNA in stool and other clinical samples. Several molecular diagnostic tests, including conventional and real-time PCR, have been developed for the detection and differentiation of E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii in clinical samples. The purpose of this review is to discuss different methods that exist for the identification of E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii which are available to the clinical diagnostic laboratory. To address the need for a specific diagnostic test for amebiasis, a substantial amount of work has been carried out over the last decade in different parts of the world. The molecular diagnostic tests are increasingly being used for both clinical and research purposes. In order to minimize undue treatment of individuals infected with other species of Entamoeba such as E. dispar and E. moshkovskii, efforts have been made for specific diagnosis of E. histolytica infection and not to treat based simply on the microscopic examination of Entamoeba species in the stool. The incorporation of many new technologies into the diagnostic laboratory will lead to a better understanding of the public health problem and measures to control the disease.

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“…In HIV-infected patients, asymptomatic intestinal colonization shows an increase, while invasive amebiasis is less common (16). A study of 203 HIV-infected patients in Mexico City showed a prevalence of E. histolytica and/or E. dispar infection of 34.1%, but none of them developed a clinical disease during the study period (17). A study on an animal model showed that depletion of CD4+ cells diminished parasite burden and inflammation, and decreased the severity of amebic colitis (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulminant Amebic Colitis in an HIV-infected Homosexual Man

2011

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We present a case of fulminant amebic colitis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected homosexual man. The patient developed colonic perforation over a short time despite empirical therapy with metronidazole, and underwent right hemicolectomy. Amebic colitis was pathologically diagnosed by identifying invasive trophozoites of Entamoeba in a surgical specimen. Amebic colitis is one of the important differential diagnoses of acute abdomen in HIV-infected patients and/or homosexual men, especially in East Asia. Although fulminant amebic colitis is a rare manifestation of amebiasis, early diagnosis and treatment are thought to be important to improve the outcome of this highly fatal complication.

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Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Is Not a Risk Factor for Amebiasis

Cited by 55 publications

References 30 publications

Molecular epidemiology of amebiasis

Molecular epidemiology of amebiasis

Laboratory Diagnostic Techniques for Entamoeba Species

Fulminant Amebic Colitis in an HIV-infected Homosexual Man

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