Infection dynamics of Shewanella spp. in Nile tilapia under varied water temperatures: A hematological, biochemical, antioxidant-immune analysis, and histopathological alterations

Reda, Rasha M.; El-Murr, Abdelhakeem; Abdel-Basset, Nehal A.; Metwally, Mohamed M.M.; Ibrahim, Rowida E.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109588

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Prior research has shown that infection by Shewanella spp. has harmful impacts on the blood parameters of fish [ 33 ]. This could be attributed to the secretion of protease and hemolysin enzymes by Shewanella spp., which can cause damage to hemopoietic organs [ 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in liver and kidney function can signal exposure to toxins or pollutants in the water, making them ideal biomarkers for aquatic toxicology [ 73 , 74 ]. Additionally, altered liver and kidney function can be indicative of infectious diseases in fish [ 33 ]. In this study, there was a positive correlation between UIA concentration and the levels of ALT and AST in Shewanella -challenged groups, which presented the highest ALT and AST levels compared to those in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have proven that ammonia can damage the liver and kidneys, which are essential organs for detoxification and waste removal [ 10 , 12 , 53 ]. Additionally, other studies have shown alterations in liver and kidney function in Shewanella -infected fish, and some have attributed these changes to virulence factors and toxins [ 22 , 25 , 33 ]. Therefore, the combined effects of both ammonia stress and Shewanella infection on O. niloticus may be more severe than the effects of either stressor alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shewanella spp. identification, characterization, and determination of their median lethal dose (LD 50 ) were determined as mentioned in Reda, El-Murr [ 33 ]. The Shewanella spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…isolate was re-cultured for 24–48 h at 22 °C on tryptic soy agar medium (Oxoid, England). The bacterial isolate concentration was adjusted to 0.14 × 10 5 CFU/mL [ 33 ] using McFarland Standard No. 0.5 for the experimental challenge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of ammonia stress for the pathogenicity of Shewanella spp. in Oreochromis niloticus: effects on hematological, biochemical, immunological, and histopathological parameters

Reda,

El-Murr,

Abdel-Basset

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Environmental stressors (such as ammonia) in aquaculture could increase the risk of pathogenicity, posing a more severe threat to farmed fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia stress on the pathogenicity of Shewanella spp. in Oreochromis niloticus. First, a 96-hour static test was used to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of unionized ammonia to Nile tilapia. After 96 h of exposure, the Un-ionized ammonia (UIA) LC50 was estimated to be 4.26 mg/L. Second, an experiment was conducted to test the effect of unionized ammonia stress on the pathogenicity of Shewanella spp. in O. niloticus for 30 days. A study involved 180 fish divided into six groups, with the first group serving as a control. The second group (AMN1/10) and the third group (AMN1/20) were not challenged and were exposed to 1/10 (0.42 mg/L) and 1/20 (0.21 mg/L) of the 96-hour LC50 of UIA, respectively. Then 0.2 mL (0.14 × 105) of Shewanella spp. was intraperitoneally injected into the fourth (SH), fifth (SH + AMN1/10), and sixth (SH + AMN1/20) groups, which were subjected to 0, 1/10 (0.42 mg/L), and 1/20 (0.21 mg/L) of the 96-hour LC50 of UIA, respectively. The survival rate, hematological indices, immunological parameters, and antioxidant activity of the fish significantly decreased when they were exposed to ammonia and Shewanella infection separately or together. Histopathological changes were also observed in the kidney and liver. Furthermore, both individual and combined exposures significantly altered renal and hepatic function, with notable increases in glucose and cortisol levels, as well as in the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α and IL-1ß). However, the detrimental effects of co-exposure to ammonia stress and Shewanella infection were greater than those of separate exposures. As a result, we may say that increased ammonia concentrations enhance the infection of Shewanella spp. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of Shewanella infection in Nile tilapia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shewanella spp. identification, characterization, and determination of their median lethal dose (LD 50 ) were determined as mentioned in Reda, El-Murr [ 33 ]. The Shewanella spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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