Infection, inflammation and prostate carcinogenesis

Omabe, Maxwell; Ezeani, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.03.002

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Inflammation has been suggested to contribute to PCa initiation and progression for many years [4,5]. Inflammation can potentially contribute to PCa pathophysiology through several mechanisms including generation of reactive oxygen species that lead to mutagenesis; production of cytokines by inflammatory cells; and enhancement of migration into the tumor of additional supportive host cells.…”

Section: Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PCa Tumor Microenvironment

Sottnik

Zhang

Macoska

et al. 2011

Cancer Microenvironment

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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a very complex niche that consists of multiple cell types, supportive matrix and soluble factors. Cells in the TME consist of both host cells that are present at tumor site at the onset of tumor growth and cells that are recruited in either response to tumor-or host-derived factors. PCa (PCa) thrives on crosstalk between tumor cells and the TME. Crosstalk results in an orchestrated evolution of both the tumor and microenvironment as the tumor progresses. The TME reacts to PCa-produced soluble factors as well as direct interaction with PCa cells. In return, the TME produces soluble factors, structural support and direct contact interactions that influence the establishment and progression of PCa. In this review, we focus on the host side of the equation to provide a foundation for understanding how different aspects of the TME contribute to PCa progression. We discuss immune effector cells, specialized niches, such as the vascular and bone marrow, and several key protein factors that mediate host effects on PCa. This discussion highlights the concept that the TME offers a potentially very fertile target for PCa therapy.

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Section: Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PCa Tumor Microenvironment

Sottnik

Zhang

Macoska

et al. 2011

Cancer Microenvironment

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“…These reactive radicals cause severe oxidative and nitrosative damage to DNA in prostatic epithelial cells or react with other biochemical compounds in the microenvironment. These molecular changes result in hyperplasic or precancerous transformation; therefore, protecting the tissue is as important as treating the infection [23,24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Thymoquinone in an Acute <b><i>Pseudomonas</i></b> Prostatitis Rat Model

Rifaioğlu¹,

Nacar²,

Yuksel³

et al. 2013

Urol Int

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Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of thymoquinone (TQ) to improve acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 7 groups as follows: control, ABP (24, 48, and 72 h), and TQ-ABP (24, 48, and 72 h). The prostate tissue samples were assayed for prostate tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide(NO) levels, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. Sections were examined for characteristic histological changes, and a histological scoring system was used. Results: When the ABP groups given TQ (24, 48, and 72 h) were compared to the ABP groups not given TQ, the levels of MDA and NO and the GPX activity were found to be significantly lower in the groups given TQ. Concerning SOD values, the TQ-ABP-72 group was lower in comparison with the ABP-72 and control groups, but statistically higher than the TQ-ABP-48 group (p < 0.05). Concerning CAT activity, only the TQ-ABP-72 and ABP-72 groups had a significant difference with the control group. TQ improved prostate histology significantly only in the TQ-ABP-24 group compared to the ABP-24 group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated for the first time that ABP induced by P. aeruginosa had an oxidative effect on prostate tissue and could regress following TQ administrationas shown withthe biochemical and histological findings.

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“…4,8 Moreover, genetic studies suggest that repeated bouts of injury -possibly due to damage from inflammatory cellscause focal atrophy or proliferative inflammatory atrophy, leading to an increase in proliferation. 6,9,10 A small subset of the resultant cells may contain somatic genome alterations such as cytosine methylation within GSTP1 and telomere shortening, creating an increase in genetic instability that might initiate high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and early ACP. Further insults activate further oncogenic transcription factors and deactivate tumour-suppressor genes, driving tumour progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of histological prostatitis in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma of the prostate presenting without urinary retention

Edlin¹,

Heyns²,

Vuuren³

et al. 2012

S Afr J Surg

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Prostatic disease causes enormous morbidity worldwide. Currently adenocarcinoma of the prostate (ACP) is the most common form of cancer in men in the USA, with a predicted cost of US $8.8 billion for continuing care of these patients by 2020.1 Moreover, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects an estimated 70% of men aged 61 -70 years and 90% of those aged 81 -90. By 2025, BPH is likely to affect 20% of the total male population.2 Improved understanding of these diseases could have a significant impact on male health. ACP and BPH are chronic diseases with a long period of development and progression. Interestingly, a self-reported history of prostatitis is associated with ACP and BPH. 3 The role of inflammation in prostatic disease is currently yet to be fully elucidated, although there is emerging evidence that prostatic inflammation may contribute to prostate growth in terms of hyperplastic or neoplastic changes. 4 Histological evidence of inflammation has been reported in approximately 40% of cases of BPH and is associated with a significantly increased risk of acute urinary retention.5 About 20% of all human cancers are caused by chronic inflammation, perhaps including ACP. 6 A better understanding of the relationship between prostatic inflammation and BPH or ACP may provide an opportunity to influence the diagnosis or treatment of prostatic disease.In a previous study, we analysed 405 men presenting with urinary retention and found histological evidence of prostatitis in 98/204 men (48.0%) with BPH and in 51/201 (25.4%) with Objective. To determine the prevalence of prostatitis on histopathological evaluation of prostatic tissue in men without urinary retention. Design, setting and subjects. The clinical data and histopathology reports of men seen from January 1999 through March 2009 at our institution were analysed using Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test where appropriate. Values were expressed as means, medians and ranges (p<0.05 accepted as statistically significant). Outcome measures. Data collected included patient age, duration of lower urinary tract symptoms and hospitalisation, findings on digital rectal examination, prostate volume, haemoglobin concentration, serum creatinine and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and histological findings. Results. Prostatic tissue of 385 men without urinary retention at presentation was obtained via biopsy (48.3% of cases), transurethral prostatectomy (62.9%), retropubic prostatectomy (6.8%) or radical prostatectomy (28.3%). On histological examination, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was found to be present in 213 patients (55.3%) and adenocarcinoma of the prostate (ACP) in 172 (44.7%). Histological prostatitis was present in 130 patients (61.0%) with BPH and 51 (29.7%) with ACP (p<0.001). A previous study of 405 men presenting with urinary retention at our institution showed histological prostatitis in 98/204 (48.0%) with BPH and in 51/201 (25.4%) with ACP. The group of men with BPH alone had a significantly lower mean se...

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Infection, inflammation and prostate carcinogenesis

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

The PCa Tumor Microenvironment

The PCa Tumor Microenvironment

Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Thymoquinone in an Acute <b><i>Pseudomonas</i></b> Prostatitis Rat Model

Prevalence of histological prostatitis in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma of the prostate presenting without urinary retention

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