Infection Micromilieu‐Activated Nanocatalytic Membrane for Orchestrating Rapid Sterilization and Stalled Chronic Wound Regeneration

Abstract

Pathogenic infection inevitably provokes chronic inflammation and stalls the normal orchestrated course of wound-healing cascades. However, current antibacterial therapies focus on the inherent bactericidal functions of biomaterials. To take full advantage of infection microenvironment (IME) peculiarities, an IME-activated nanocatalytic membrane consisting of electrospun poly (lacticco-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds, MXene/Ag 2 S bio-heterojunctions (MX/ AS bio-HJs), and lactate oxidase (LOx) for chronic cutaneous regeneration is devised and developed. In this "intelligent" system, PLGA membranes gradually degrade to lactate, and LOx consumes lactate to yield abundant hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in a microenvironment-responsive manner. In addition, MX/ AS bio-HJs in membranes not only exert benign photothermal effects and generate reactive oxygen species upon NIR light, but also catalyze the produced H 2 O 2 to overwhelming hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through Fenton-like reactions, which all result in rapid synergistic sterilization. Furthermore, in vivo assays demonstrate that the nanocatalytic membranes reshape the stalled chronic wound into a regenerative wound by massacring bacteria, stopping bleeding, boosting epithelialization/collagen deposition of the wound beds, and promoting angiogenesis. As envisaged, the proposed tactic opens up a promising opportunity for arming membranes with IME-responsive nanocatalytic activity to remedy bacteria-invaded stalled full-thickness wounds.

Antibacterial PDT nanoplatform capable of releasing therapeutic gas for synergistic and enhanced treatment against deep infections

“…Once the intruders are not cleared, the immune response are over-reactive, leading to damage the tissue 67 . Thereby, bacteria elimination is more critical for the healing process 68 , 69 .…”

Recent Advancements on Photothermal Conversion and Antibacterial Applications over MXenes-Based Materials

“…To remedy bacteria-invaded stalled full-thickness wounds (Fig. 11 a), Zhou et al [ 22 ] group devised a nanoscale catalytic membrane (P-MX/AS@LOx) consisting of electrospun poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds, MXenes/Ag 2 S (MX/AS) bio-heterojunctions, and lactate oxidase (LOx). The MXenes/Ag 2 S bio-heterojunctions in the membrane not only exerted a mild photothermal effect and generated ROS under NIR light but also overwhelmed the hydroxyl radicals through Fenton-like reactions, which resulted in highly efficient synergistic sterilization.…”

“…Profoundly, the appropriate design and modification of MXenes could tune their light absorption performances [ 41 ], postpone the recombination of electrons and holes for promoting ROS generation [ 25 ], and improve the unique localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) effect for enhanced photo-to-thermal conversion [ 42 ]. MXenes with low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility are also excellent platforms for in vivo therapy, such as bacterial infection treatment, re-epithelialization acceleration, and granulation tissue formation, which vastly ameliorates the therapeutic efficacy with respect to traditional bandages [ 22 , 27 ]. Moreover, profiting from their desired merits, including hydrophilicity, high aspect ratio morphology, and metallic conductivity, when MXenes are incorporated into thin film or hydrogel systems, they offer versatile potentials to design MXenes-based antibacterial soft materials with tunable properties [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration

“…Poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been employed for implantable devices based on their unique biocompatibility, tunable biodegradability, acceptable mechanical properties, and FDA approval [ 33 ]. Electrospun PLGA fibers are capable of stimulating cell-matrix interaction to form a cell niche, directing cellular behavior, and promoting the MSCs adhesion and proliferation [ 34 , 35 ]. In this work, we integrate exosomes from human MSCs with cell-free PLGA/Mg-GA MOF nanofibrous scaffolds to construct functional biomaterial scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration.…”