Infection of <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> Ma6 and defense responses of host <i>Phyllotreta striolata</i> adults

Li, Jian-Yu; Chen, Yanting; He, Yuechao; Zheng, Lizhen; Fu, Jianwei; Shi, Meng-Zhu

doi:10.1002/arch.21908

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…By 9 dpi, the activities of all three protective enzymes increased to varying degrees. In contrast, previous studies have shown that the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD increase and then decrease following infection with entomopathogens (Li et al, 2022; Xie et al, 2019). This may be because different species respond differently to infection with pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The immune response of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different times of infection with Paranosema locustae

Liu,

Wei,

et al. 2023

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Paranosema locustae is an entomopathogenic microsporidia with promising potential for controlling agricultural pests, including Locusta migratoria manilensis. However, it has the disadvantage of having a slow insecticidal rate, and how P. locustae infection impacts the host immune response is currently unknown. The present study investigated the effect of P. locustae on the natural immune response of L. migratoria and the activities of enzymes that protect against oxidative stress. Infection with P. locustae increased the hemocytes and nodulation number of L. migratoria at the initial stage of infection. The hemocyte‐mediated modulation of immune response was also affected by a decrease in the number of hemocytes 12 days postinfection. Superoxide dismutase activity in locusts increased in the early stages of infection but decreased in the later stages, whereas the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) showed opposite trends may be due to their different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the transcription levels of mRNA of antimicrobial peptide‐related genes and phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph in L. migratoria were suppressed within 15 days of P. locustae infection. Overall, our data suggest that P. locustae create a conducive environment for its own proliferation in the host by disrupting the immune defense against it. These findings provide useful information for the potential application of P. locustae as a biocontrol agent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The immune response of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different times of infection with Paranosema locustae

Liu,

Wei,

et al. 2023

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…SOD is a metal protein which can neutralize active superoxide (ROS) in the cell, which is one of the key enzymes in the cell defense system to fight against superoxide damage [ 31 , 32 ]. In Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vuill., SOD and CAT genes play an essential role in the host infection process of the fungus. In addition, they are vital for the antioxidant and ultraviolet tolerance of cells [ 32 , 33 ]. Studies have shown that SOD and CAT genes have important effects on the growth and development, tolerance, and virulence of fungi [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

Pang

Peng

et al. 2023

Insects

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Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most destructive crop pests in the world. Metarhizium rileyi is an entomopathogenic fungus specific for noctuid pests and is a very promising prospect in biological control against S. frugiperda. Two M. rileyi strains (XSBN200920 and HNQLZ200714) isolated from infected S. frugiperda were used to evaluate the virulence and biocontrol potential to different stages and instars of S. frugiperda. The results showed that XSBN200920 was significantly more virulent than HNQLZ200714 to eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of S. frugiperda. In the larvae infected with the two M. rileyi strains, the activity of three protective enzymes (including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) and two detoxifying enzymes (including glutathione-S transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE)) increased firstly and then decreased. The expression levels of protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes in larvae treated with XSBN200920 were greater than with HNQLZ200714. Furthermore, antioxidant stress-related gene (MrSOD and MrCAT family genes) expression in the two strains was measured by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR). The expression of these genes was significantly higher in the XSBN200920 strain compared to HNQLZ200714. There were also significant differences in the sensitivity of the two strains to the growth of different carbon and nitrogen sources and oxidative stress agents. In addition, the activity expression of antioxidant enzymes on the third day of culturing in XSBN200920 was significantly higher than with HNQLZ200714. In summary, the high virulence of M. rileyi XSBN200920 was not only determined by the expression levels of protective and detoxifying enzymes of the host but also regulated by the growth of entomogenic fungi and the resistance to the oxidative stress against S. frugiperda at different stages and instars. This study provides a theoretical fundament for the systematic control of Spodoptera frugiperda using Metarhizium rileyi.

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“…In this study, we reported the efficiency of seed and stem–leaf treatment strategies employing an EF BCA, M. anisopliae , to manage CFB and improve CFC production. The efficiencies of BCAs, such as M. anisopliae, have been studied for a long time on the laboratory scale, identifying several strains causing >50% mortality in the CFB [ 6 ]; however, only a few commercial products based on these strains as a soil treatment or stem–leaf spraying treatment are used in fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential of entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and parasitoids as BCAs has been rigorously investigated at the laboratory scale. Recent research reported that M. anisopliae strain Ma6 is highly pathogenic against CFB with a 7-day cumulative mortality rate of 91.11% and a median lethal time (LT 50 ) of 4.09 days [ 6 ]. While both nematode species Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis indica were capable of reducing populations of the soil-dwelling stages of CFB [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Fungal Strains and Formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae to Control Phyllotreta striolata in Chinese Flowering Cabbage

Chen

Wei

et al. 2023

Insects

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(1) Background: The cabbage flea beetle (CFB; Phyllotreta striolata) seriously damages the production of Chinese flowering cabbage (CFC; Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis), which is a key leafy vegetable in South China. A large number of chemical insecticides have been sprayed to control this pest; as a result, residues and resistances are becoming an issue. It is necessary to develop biocontrol technologies to address this issue. (2) Methods: Fungal strains were selected based on bioactivity against CFB, and CFC seed pelletization with fungal conidia was subject to evaluation of control efficacy against CFB. The effective mixture of fungus and chemical insecticide was determined based on safety and joint toxicology tests. (3) Results: The screening of 103 strains from 14 genera identified the Metarhizium anisopliae strain MaGX19S02 (Ma) as the one with the highest virulence. The LC50s of Ma to CFB adult and second instar larvae on day 9 post-treatment were 3.04 × 106 and 27.2 × 106 spores/mL, respectively. In the pot test, the pelletization of CFC seeds with Ma conidia (50/25/12.5 mg in 1 g seed with 4 g fillers) demonstrated significant CFB mortalities (45–82%) 20 days after the larvae were introduced. In the field test, the seed pelletization achieved 57–81% control efficacy 14 days after sowing. Furthermore, the combination of Ma with chlorfenapyr (Chl) demonstrated a synergistic effect against CFB; based on this result, we prepared the mixture formulation of 20% Ma-Chl wettable powder (WP). The assessment of the effects of 20% Ma-Chl WP (500× diluent) against CFB revealed 93.33% mortality in the pot test and 61.3% control efficacy in the field test on day 7 post-treatment. (4) Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the potential of Ma to control CFB in the field. Seed pelletization with Ma conidia effectively controlled CFB larvae and protected CFC seedlings, wherein a mixture formulation of 20% Ma-Chl WP had substantial efficacy in controlling CFB adults. Our research provides new methods for CFB biocontrol.

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Infection of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma6 and defense responses of host Phyllotreta striolata adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

The immune response of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different times of infection with Paranosema locustae

The immune response of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different times of infection with Paranosema locustae

Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

Screening of Fungal Strains and Formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae to Control Phyllotreta striolata in Chinese Flowering Cabbage

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