Infection of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> in Diarrhoeal Children of Nepal

Abstract

Introduction: Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite that causes recurrent gastroenteritis among children living under poor sanitary condition and adults from industrialized countries who lived or traveled in endemic developing countries. Methods: A total of 1842 stool specimens from gastroenteritis patients were examined between March 2006 to February 2007 and collected various types of faecal specimens from human, animals and samples of water and green leafy vegetables. Results: Of 1842 stool specimens collected from different areas of Nepal, 146 (7.9 %) were found to be positive for Cyclospora cayetanensis. with the majority were from children 2-9 years of age. The highest rate of infections was found in the month of June; (31.6%). Cyclospora cayetanensis were found to be contaminated in green vegetables including leaves of basil, mint leaves, water sources and feces of domestic animals and these findings were presented in the paper. Conclusion: Cyclospora-like oocysts were detected in vegetables leaves, feces of domestic animals and water sources. The results suggest that water, vegetables and domestic animals are possible sources of infection in Nepal. The study also obtained more information on Cyclospora cayetanensis a coccidian parasite that infect humans especially children and causes prolonged diarrhea and life threatening infestation. Key words: Cyclospora cayetanensis, source, Nepal DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2456 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 23-30

Emergent and re-emergent parasites in HIV-infected children: immunological and socio-environmental conditions that are involved in the transmission of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.

“…Different Brazilian regional studies have also reported the presence of Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Cyclospora spp. in dogs and cats (13) (14) . Giardia spp.…”

“…Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Cyclospora spp. have been found throughout the world in recreational water, including chlorinated water, because they are resistant to adverse environmental conditions (12) (13) . Moreover, the identifi ed parasites have a high zoonotic potential, with the capacity to develop in human and animal hosts (2) .…”

Transmission dynamics of foodborne parasites on fresh produce

“…Parasites have been detected in irrigation water in numerous studies (Robertson and Gjerde, 2001;Robertson et al, 2002;Thurston-Enriquez et al, 2002;Tram et al, 2008;Andoh et al, 2009;Mota et al, 2009;Sherchan et al, 2010;Amorós et al, 2010). Parasites have been detected in irrigation water in numerous studies (Robertson and Gjerde, 2001;Robertson et al, 2002;Thurston-Enriquez et al, 2002;Tram et al, 2008;Andoh et al, 2009;Mota et al, 2009;Sherchan et al, 2010;Amorós et al, 2010).…”

Detection of Cyclospora, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia in Ready-to-Eat Packaged Leafy Greens in Ontario, Canada

“…The irrigation of crops with contaminated water or the use of contaminated water to mix pesticides or wash produce are other possible sources. Numerous surveillance studies have, in fact, concluded that irrigation water was the source of contam ination (4,32,34), and this conclusion has been supported by the detection of parasitic organisms in irrigation water (42,45,47). Amahmid et al (4) concluded that irrigation of crops with raw waste water leads to contamination with Giardia and the nematode Ascaris.…”

“…Contamination of produce by livestock, either through direct access or through the application of manure to crop lands, has also been proposed (14,35,43). Other possible sources of contamination of vegetables with intestinal parasites include insects and rodents, other wildlife, market vendors, and even contam inated money handled by food workers (14,24,45,46).…”