Infection Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Levels in Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Gynecological Outpatients of a Tertiary Hospital in China from 2015 to 2018

Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infection prevalence and antibiotic resistance levels in gynecological outpatients. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data of gynecological outpatients of the Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Antibiotic resistance levels in U. urealyticum and M. hominis were defined by a commercial Mycoplasma kit for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate risk factors associated with Mycoplasma isolation. Comparisons of yearly distributions and resistance rates were assessed by chi-square tests. Fifty-six percent of gynecological outpatients were positive for U. urealyticum, and 11.02% were positive for M. hominis. In the univariate analysis, women aged 30–39 years or with a history of pregnancy or gynecological diseases had an increased risk for Mycoplasma isolation, while women who were postmenopausal or had an education level of undergraduate degree or above had a decreased risk of Mycoplasma isolation. In the multivariate logistic regression model, an independent risk factor for Mycoplasma isolation was a history of gynecological diseases, while a bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, or above were protective factors against Mycoplasma isolation. There were distinctly gradual increases in the positivity rates of U. urealyticum and M. hominis from 2015 to 2018 and an overall increasing trend of resistance to ten antibiotics among U. urealyticum and M. hominis. The top three antibiotics associated with resistance were ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and levofloxacin. Doxycycline, josamycin, and minocycline were preferred because they had the lowest levels of resistance. Increases in the prevalence of infection and antibiotic resistance in U. urealyticum and M. hominis were observed from 2015 to 2018, clearly confirming the necessity to monitor the standardized administration of antibiotics.

Case report of Ureaplasma urealyticum meningitis in a patient with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia

“…Due to the low CNS penetration, macrolides are not a valid treatment option for UU meningitis. Although levofloxacin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier [12], several studies have reported that UU has high resistance rates to levofloxacin in China [13,14], and in our case the drug did not significantly relieve the patient's symptoms. However, we still considered levofloxacin to have some effect on UU, and we continued to administer the medication after UU DNA in the CSF was confirmed by NGS.…”

Clinical and Microbiological Characterization of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Mycoplasma hominis: An Overlooked Pathogen

“…In a study in Beijing, the resistance rates of M. hominis to CIP, LEV, and SPA were 82.2%, 62.2%, and 80.0%, respectively, and few strains showed resistance to MIN, DOX, and JOS [ 35 ]. These results were similar to those of some other studies in China [ 37 – 39 ] and current research. As a result, the antibiotic sensitivity profile of M. hominis isolated in various regions of the genitourinary tract can be utilized as a reference for the treatment of M. hominis BSI.…”

Simultaneous real-time PCR detection of nine prevalent sexually transmitted infections using a predesigned double-quenched TaqMan probe panel

“…In addition to the most prevalent GV infection rates, the other three common pathogens that were found to infect Vietnamese women's vagina causing single or multiple infections, included CA, CT, and MH, with 55.14%, 12.34%, and 10.28%, respectively. These three rates were relatively close to those of previous studies regarding the 64% CA infection rate found in Nigerian women [33], 8.8% CT infection rate found in Chilean adolescents [34], and approximately 11% of MH infection rates found in Brazilian women without gynecologic complaints and at reproductive age [35] and in gynecological outpatients of a tertiary hospital in China from 2015 to 2018 [36]. The rate of MH in our study was lower than that of 17.34% in Tanzanian women [37] but higher than that of 3.39% in infertile women in Romania's Northeast Region [38].…”

“…To date, there have been a number of reports of patients co-infected with 2-3 STIs pathogens [32,34,36,[38][39][40][41][42]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no publications showing patients co-infected with 4-5 pathogens.…”