Infection Stones

Lerner, Seth P.; Gleeson, Malachy J.; Griffith, Donald P.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41002-0

Cited by 94 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Metabolic alkalosis was a potential factor in causing renal calcification in patients with pyloric stenosis [4]. Pyelonephritis also potentially causes renal calcification [23] and was reportedly found in a significant number of patients with primary aldosteronism [23,24]. Because patients with calcification in our study had no history of pyelonephritis, it seemed unlikely that calcification was an outcome of it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Clinical Implications of Renal Cyst in Primary Aldosteronism.

Ogasawara¹,

Nomura²,

Toraya³

et al. 1996

Endocr J

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Abstract. The present study surveyed 69 patients with aldosteronoma to study the clinical implications of renal cysts demonstrated in computed tomography. Patients who had cysts (n=16, 23.2%) were older and had a longer duration of hypertension and more severe hypokalemia than those without cysts (n=53). Patients with cysts therefore had longer-term, more severe hypokalemia than those without cysts. Endogeneous creatinine clearance (Ccr), measured in 61 patients, was significantly lower in patients with cysts (58.4 ± 7.1 ml/min, n=16) than in those without cysts (77.3 ± 7.1 ml/min, n=45, P=0.0039). This significant difference was observed even after adjusting for covariables (age, duration of hypertension, and serum potassium) between the two groups by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). No significant difference was observed in gender, blood pressure, serum creatinine, plasma aldosterone, or PRA. Age, serum potassium levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were the significant determinants in predicting Ccr in a backward stepwise multiple regression analysis (r=0.505, n=61, P=0.0025). Cysts were graded into four classes on the basis of number and size. Cyst grading correlated negatively with Ccr at a Spearman rank correlation (p= -0.33, n=61, P=0.0103). The incidence of chronic renal failure was significantly higher in patients with cysts (18.8%) than in patients without (0%) in a Fischer's exact probability test (P=0.0107). Thus, both renal cysts and dysfunction arose and/or developed from common roots, i.e., the duration and severity of hypokalemia, in primary aldosteronism.In addition, we surveyed 27 patients with pheochromocytoma. Patients with renal cysts (n=8) had a significantly longer duration of hypertension than those without cysts. No significant difference was observed in Ccr between patients with and those without cysts. Thus, a significant link between renal cysts and Ccr was a specific feature of primary aldosteronism, but not of pheochromocytoma.In summary, the renal cysts in primary aldosteronism should be recognized as a significant complication representing the extent of renal injury and dysfunction.Key words: Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Creatinine clearance , CT, Nephrocalcinosis (Endocrine Journal 43: 261-268,1996) PRIMARY aldosteronism causes hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Each of these independent factors can potentially cause renal tissue injury. Hypertension causes nephrosclerosis (renal vascular and glomerular injuries) [1,2]. Hypokalemia causes vacuolation, degeneration and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Clinical Implications of Renal Cyst in Primary Aldosteronism.

Ogasawara¹,

Nomura²,

Toraya³

et al. 1996

Endocr J

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“…It is well recognized that bacteria which produce urease may cause urinary tract calculi, and more than 45 differ ent microorganisms produce urease [6], Proteus species are identified in 72% of such bacterial isolates. Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus species and, rarely, E. coli also may produce urease [6,7], Forty-eight of 75 strains (64%) which we isolated from our patients' urine could produce urease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Study of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi Treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Association with Bacteriuria before Treatment

Shigeta¹,

Hayashi²,

Igawa³

1995

Urol Int

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To study the characteristics of upper urinary tract calculi associated with bacteriuria, we determined the relationships between the frequency of bacteriuria and some clinical factors such as location and size of calculi. Nine hundred and fifty-eight patients, 596 with renal calculi and 362 with ureteral calculi, were subjects in the present study. Bacteriuria was found in 75 patients, 57 with renal calculi (10%) and 18 with ureteral calculi (5%). The frequency of bacteriuria was significantly higher in patients with renal calculi than in those with ureteral stones (p < 0.05). In the patients with renal calculi, bacteriuria was most frequently associated with stones having a diameter of > 30 mm (19%), and secondarily with stones of 20–30 mm (12%). In contrast, the presence of bacteriuria was not related to the size of ureteral calculi. In conclusion, patients with renal stones of > 20 mm diameter have an increased risk of bacteriuria.

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“…In the second kind of experiment the formation of solid phases occurred due to the presence of appropriate bacteria. The Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) were used as these bacteria are the most often isolated from human urinary stones (70% of all cases) [22,23]. Before the experiment of solid phase formation, the bacteria were maintained on a slant of tryptic soy agar overnight at 37 • C and then suspended in artificial urine at the concentration of 5 × 10 5 CFU per mL (CFU-colony forming unit).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Phases Precipitating in Artificial Urine in the Absence and Presence of Bacteria Proteus mirabilis—A Contribution to the Understanding of Infectious Urinary Stone Formation

et al. 2018

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Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, called struvite, is the dominant component of infectious urinary stones. In addition to struvite, infectious urinary stones include solid phases with poor crystallinity as well as amorphous matter. This article is devoted to the analysis of these solid phases, because they have not been characterized well until now. The solid phases tested were obtained from artificial urine in the absence and presence of Proteus mirabilis. The solid phases were characterized by different techniques (X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray, Scanning Electron Microscopy, as well as Raman and Infrared Spectroscopies). According to the results these phases are carbonate apatite (CA), hydroxylapatite (HAP), amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and/or amorphous carbonated calcium phosphate (ACCP). Carbonate apatite and hydroxylapatite may occur in non-stoichiometric forms, i.e., various anions can be substituted for CO 3 2− , OH − , and PO 4 3− groups in them. The non-stoichiometry of carbonate apatite and hydroxylapatite also implies a deficiency of calcium ions, i.e., calcium ions may be partially replaced by other cations. Experimental techniques and chemical speciation analysis demonstrate that the presence of magnesium influences the formation of CA and HAP.

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Infection Stones

Cited by 94 publications

References 69 publications

Clinical Implications of Renal Cyst in Primary Aldosteronism.

Clinical Implications of Renal Cyst in Primary Aldosteronism.

A Clinical Study of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi Treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Association with Bacteriuria before Treatment

Solid Phases Precipitating in Artificial Urine in the Absence and Presence of Bacteria Proteus mirabilis—A Contribution to the Understanding of Infectious Urinary Stone Formation

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