Infection with Bacillus cereus after Close-Range Gunshot Injuries

Krause, Amanda; Freeman, R.; Sisson, P. R.; Murphy, O.M.

doi:10.1097/00005373-199609000-00030

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Depending upon the environment in which the trauma takes place, e.g., fresh or salt water or soil, recognized microbial species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Aeromonas or Vibrio species predominate (107), whereas Bacillus species isolated from trauma-induced wounds, whether water related or not, are usually regarded as contaminants and basically ignored until a more dramatic complication such as, for example, sepsis or necrotizing fasciitis occurs and is attributed to the bacillary species. In recent years, however, the recognition of B. cereus as a major pathogen infecting individuals who sustain traumatic injuries is being well documented (2,22,42,81,107). Because of the wide environmental distribution of B. cereus spores, especially in soil, they can easily disseminate through dust, water, and food.…”

Section: Vol 23 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus cereus , a Volatile Human Pathogen

2010

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SUMMARY Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, motile, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that is widely distributed environmentally. While B. cereus is associated mainly with food poisoning, it is being increasingly reported to be a cause of serious and potentially fatal non-gastrointestinal-tract infections. The pathogenicity of B. cereus, whether intestinal or nonintestinal, is intimately associated with the production of tissue-destructive exoenzymes. Among these secreted toxins are four hemolysins, three distinct phospholipases, an emesis-inducing toxin, and proteases. The major hurdle in evaluating B. cereus when isolated from a clinical specimen is overcoming its stigma as an insignificant contaminant. Outside its notoriety in association with food poisoning and severe eye infections, this bacterium has been incriminated in a multitude of other clinical conditions such as anthrax-like progressive pneumonia, fulminant sepsis, and devastating central nervous system infections, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals, intravenous drug abusers, and neonates. Its role in nosocomial acquired bacteremia and wound infections in postsurgical patients has also been well defined, especially when intravascular devices such as catheters are inserted. Primary cutaneous infections mimicking clostridial gas gangrene induced subsequent to trauma have also been well documented. B. cereus produces a potent β-lactamase conferring marked resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Antimicrobials noted to be effective in the empirical management of a B. cereus infection while awaiting antimicrobial susceptibility results for the isolate include ciprofloxacin and vancomycin.

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Section: Vol 23 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus cereus , a Volatile Human Pathogen

2010

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“…cereus pathogenicity is associated with the expression of several toxins and virulence factors. Among them, hemolysins, phospholipase C, emetic toxin, proteases or enterotoxins have been connected to the induction of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases, such as endophthalmitis [23, 24], wound infections [25, 26] or rare cases of postoperative meningitis [27, 28] and pneumonia [29, 30]. Most of these factors are regulated by the pleiotropic regulon phospholipase C regulator (PlcR) [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, Purification and Characterization of the Collagenase ColA Expressed by Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579

et al. 2016

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Bacterial collagenases differ considerably in their structure and functions. The collagenases ColH and ColG from Clostridium histolyticum and ColA expressed by Clostridium perfringens are well-characterized collagenases that cleave triple-helical collagen, which were therefore termed as ´true´ collagenases. ColA from Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) has been added to the collection of true collagenases. However, the molecular characteristics of B. cereus ColA are less understood. In this study, we identified ColA as a secreted true collagenase from B. cereus ATCC 14579, which is transcriptionally controlled by the regulon phospholipase C regulator (PlcR). B. cereus ATCC 14579 ColA was cloned to express recombinant wildtype ColA (ColAwt) and mutated to a proteolytically inactive (ColAE501A) version. Recombinant ColAwt was tested for gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activities and ColAE501A was used for the production of a polyclonal anti-ColA antibody. Comparison of ColAwt activity with homologous proteases in additional strains of B. cereus sensu lato (B. cereus s.l.) and related clostridial collagenases revealed that B. cereus ATCC 14579 ColA is a highly active peptidolytic and collagenolytic protease. These findings could lead to a deeper insight into the function and mechanism of bacterial collagenases which are used in medical and biotechnological applications.

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“…Even fatal cases of infections (3,17,19) and emetic-type food poisoning (15) have been reported recently. B. cereus is ubiquitous in nature but has also been isolated from environments where it may represent a serious health hazard, e.g., infant feed (20), hospital linen (6), and gunpowder (14). B. cereus strains have been shown to produce seven different toxins (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel Sensitive Bioassay for Detection of Bacillus cereus Emetic Toxin and Related Depsipeptide Ionophores

Andersson

Mikkola²,

Helin

et al. 1998

Appl Environ Microbiol

165

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Of the toxins produced by Bacillus cereus, the emetic toxin is likely the most dangerous but, due to the lack of a suitable assay, the least well known. In this paper, a new, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid bioassay for detection of the emetic toxin ofB. cereus is described. The assay is based on the loss of motility of boar spermatozoa upon 24 h of exposure to extracts of emetic B. cereus strains or contaminated food. The paralyzed spermatozoa exhibited swollen mitochondria, but no depletion of cellular ATP or damage to plasma membrane integrity was observed. Analysis of the purified toxin by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry showed that it was a dodecadepsipeptide with a mass fragmentation pattern similar to that described for cereulide. The 50% effective concentration of the purified toxin to boar spermatozoa was 0.5 ng of purified toxin ml of extended boar semen−1. This amount corresponds to 104 to 105 CFU of B. cereus cells. No toxicity was detected for 27 other B. cereus strains up to 108 CFU ml−1. The detection limit for food was 3 g of rice containing 106 to 107 CFU of emetic B. cereusper gram. Effects similar to those provoked by emetic B. cereus toxin were also induced in boar spermatozoa by valinomycin and gramicidin at 2 and 3 ng ml of extended boar semen−1, respectively. The symptoms provoked by the toxin in spermatozoa indicated that B. cereus emetic toxin was acting as a membrane channel-forming ionophore, damaging mitochondria and blocking the oxidative phosphorylation required for the motility of boar spermatozoa.

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Infection with Bacillus cereus after Close-Range Gunshot Injuries

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Bacillus cereus , a Volatile Human Pathogen

Bacillus cereus , a Volatile Human Pathogen

Cloning, Purification and Characterization of the Collagenase ColA Expressed by Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579

A Novel Sensitive Bioassay for Detection of Bacillus cereus Emetic Toxin and Related Depsipeptide Ionophores

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