Infections invasives à [i]Campylobacter[/i]

Abstract

Le genre Campylobacter comprend plusieurs espèces pathogènes pour l'homme, en particulier C. jejuni, C. coli et C. fetus. C. jejuni et C. coli sont responsables d'entérites généralement spontanément résolutives chez l'individu sain, et peu fréquemment associées à des bactériémies. C. fetus est un pathogène méconnu, rarement identifié dans les échantillons fécaux mais parfois retrouvé dans des hémocultures, en particulier chez des patients présentant des comorbidités ou immunosupprimés. La bactériémie à C. fetus se distingue par son association avec des infections endovasculaires et des foyers infectieux profonds sans symptomatologie digestive. Invasive Campylobacter infections Campylobacter genus encompasses many species, among which C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus are the main human pathogens. C. jejuni/coli frequently cause self-limited enteritis in immunocompetent hosts and are seldomly associated with bacteriemia. C. fetus is less common as a human pathogen. It is rarely identified in fecal samples but can sometimes be isolated in blood samples from patients with comorbidities or immunosuppression. Campylobacter fetus bacteriemia is remarkable since it is associated with endovascular and deep-seated infections.

Campylobacter fetus Invasive Infections and Risks for Death, France, 2000–2021

“…TTE indicated 1 case of prosthetic valve endocarditis and revealed typical oscillating vegetation. 18 F-FDG PET/CT confirmed the diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm in 3 other patients (Table 1).…”

“…However, cohorts or large case series exclusively involving patients with C. fetus bacteremia remain scarce. C. fetus is usually isolated from blood samples and is less frequently associated with enteritis ( 18 , 19 ). The Campylobacteremia Study ( 4 ), a retrospective multicentric study of Campylobacter spp.…”

“…The standard choice for empiric treatment of Campylobacter spp. enteritis remains fluoroquinolones and macrolides ( 18 ). However, in our cohort, 33% of bloodstream isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, and 10% were resistant to azithromycin.…”

“…#28-y-old patient sought care for bloody diarrhea without fever 8 d after a travel in Spain. **The 3 patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography were different patients than those who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT. No patient had both endocarditis and mycotic aneurysm.…”

“…We defined secondary localizations as a positive result on biopsy, graft, blood culture samples (or a combination of those) or evocative images on computed tomography or 18 F-fluoro-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT). Endocarditis, also considered as a secondary localization, was defined by a positive valvular biopsy sample, blood culture, or both, associated with evocative images on echocardiography, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, according to the European Society of Cardiology 2015 modified criteria for diagnosing infective endocarditis (14).…”