Infections of the Lacrimal Drainage System

Pujari, Aditi; Ali, Mohammad Javed

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5442-6_17

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Patients with long-standing epiphora, mucocele, and regurgitation of mucoid or mucopurulent material on pressure on the sac area or on irrigation of the lacrimal drainage system were diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis. 1,6,7 Exclusion criteria The first 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute or chronic dacryocystitis and fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled. The subjects underwent a thorough ophthalmic assessment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Etiologies and Antibiotic Sensitivities in Acute and Chronic Dacryocystitis: A Western U.P. Perspective

Rizvi,

Mehrotra,

Mishra

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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The current study aimed to assess and compare the bacteriological spectrum of acute and chronic dacryocystitis and the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of the causative pathogens to commonly used antimicrobials. This was a prospective observational study. Cases of dacryocystitis were categorized as acute or chronic, based on clinical features. Specimens were obtained by sterile cotton swabs from the lower conjunctival fornix and from the puncta by applying pressure over the lacrimal sac area or by performing lacrimal syringing. Specimens were inoculated on appropriate culture media and incubated at 37ºC for 24-48 hours. Bacterial species were identified based on colony morphology and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing was assessed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique using Mueller Hinton agar following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Out of 50 patients, 37 (74%) had chronic dacryocystitis and 13 (26%) had acute dacryocystitis. 35 bacterial species were recovered. Gram-positive organisms were the most isolated organisms i.e., 27 out of 35 (77.2%). In chronic dacryocystitis, the predominant bacterial species were Staphylococcus epidermidis (36%). In acute dacryocystitis, the predominant bacterial species were Staphylococcus aureus (40%). Against gram-positive organisms, Vancomycin and Linezolid were most effective (100%). Against gram-negative bacterial species, Amikacin was most effective (100%). High prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance was found, with 40% of the total bacterial species resistant to 5 or more antibiotics. The alarming rate of multi-drug resistance underscores the imperative need for tailored antibiotic strategies and continuous monitoring. Evidence based antibiotic therapy may also help to prevent failures of DCR, progression to chronicity and antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dacryocystitis is inflammation of the lacrimal sac that occurs because of obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD). 1 It presents in two forms-Acute and Chronic dacryocystitis. Acute dacryocystitis is acute onset inflammation which presents with subacute onset of pain and epiphora.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Etiologies and Antibiotic Sensitivities in Acute and Chronic Dacryocystitis: A Western U.P. Perspective

Rizvi,

Mehrotra,

Mishra

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…It accounts for <1% of all lacrimal patients and is characterized by epiphora, discharge, swelling of the canalicular portion, and pain. 1,2 The punctum is usually erythematous and pouting with expressible discharge. The lower canaliculus is more commonly involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The etiopathogenesis is unclear, but canalicular obstructions and cosmetic use are implicated as risk factors. 1 Culture-dependent studies have demonstrated wide geographical variations. The Staphylococci and Streptococcal species were commonly isolated in Asia, whereas Actinomycetes and Nocardia were more common in the west.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Staphylococci and Streptococcal species were commonly isolated in Asia, whereas Actinomycetes and Nocardia were more common in the west. 1 However, electron microscopic studies of the canalicular concretions have demonstrated numerous filamentous organisms, unlike the culture-dependent studies. 3 Infective canaliculitis remains an enigma, and several aspects of the disease remain unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomics of infective canaliculitis: The Lacriome paper 3

Ali

2022

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose To study the metagenomics of the microbes isolated from the canaliculus of patients with infective canaliculitis. Methods A prospective study was performed on five consecutive canalicular samples obtained for the metagenomic analysis from the patients with infective canaliculitis who underwent non-incisional canalicular curettage at a tertiary care Dacryology service. The canalicular concretions were collected intraoperatively soon after a canalicular curettage and immediately transported on ice to the laboratory. Following DNA extraction and library preparation, a whole shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed on the Illumina™ platform. The downstream processing and bioinformatics of the samples were performed using multiple software packaged in SqueezeMeta™ pipeline or MG-RAST™ pipeline. Results The taxonomic hit distribution across the samples showed that bacteria were the most common isolates (mean—80.5%), followed by viruses (mean—0.74%), and archaea (0.01%). The five major phyla identified across the samples of infective canaliculitis were, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. The prevalent organisms include Fusobacterium nucelatum, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella oris, Selonomonas noxia, Pseudopropionobacterium propoinicum, Campylobacter showae, and Streptococcus anginosus, amongst few others. Actinomycetes israelii was noted in all the samples, though it was not the most abundant. The microbial gene mapping and protein prediction demonstrated proteins with known functions to range from 69.91% to 87.09% across the samples. The functional subsystem profiling demonstrated genes associated with carbohydrate, amino acid, and co-enzyme transport and metabolism, cell wall or cell membrane biogenesis, energy production and conversion, transcription, translation, and cellular communications. Conclusion This is the first whole metagenome sequencing of infective canaliculitis. Infected canaliculi harbor diverse microbial communities, including bacteria, viruses, and archaea. Functional analysis has provided newer insights into the ecosystem dynamics and strategies of microbial communities.

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