Infectious agents after liver transplant: etiology, timeline and patients’ cell-mediated immunity responses

Chiereghin, Angela; Petrisli, Evangelia; Ravaioli, Matteo; Morelli, Cristina; Turello, Gabriele; Squarzoni, Diego; Piccirilli, Giulia; Ambretti, Simone; Gabrielli, Liliana; Pinna, Antonio Daniele; Landini, Maria Paola; Lazzarotto, Tiziana

doi:10.1007/s00430-016-0485-7

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Regarding the diagnosis of bacterial infections, positive etiological identification may aid analysis; however, the rate of positive bacterial culture is low, time consuming, and specimens are not easily obtained, whereas other factors notably inhibit correct and timely diagnosis. Chiereghin et al (15) analyzed 98 symptomatic infections in 202 transplant patients, retrospectively within 1 year post-operation. The results revealed 77 (57.1%) bacterial, 45 (33.3%) viral and 13 (9.6%) fungal infections, with the bacterial infections mainly comprising Escherichia coli (21 strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19 strains).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results revealed 77 (57.1%) bacterial, 45 (33.3%) viral and 13 (9.6%) fungal infections, with the bacterial infections mainly comprising Escherichia coli (21 strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19 strains). In addition, bacteria were determined to be the cause of most symptomatic infections and occur more frequently in the first month after transplantation (15). Furthermore, the ATP levels of CD4 + T lymphocytes in patients with bacterial and fungal infections were significantly lower compared with those in uninfected patients, whereas the intracellular ATP levels in patients with viral infections did not differ significantly from those of uninfected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical relevance of a CD4+ T cell immune function assay in the diagnosis of infection in pediatric living‑donor liver transplantation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of the Immuknow immune cell function assay for the diagnosis of infection after pediatric living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Based on clinical data obtained following liver transplantation, 66 patients were divided into infection (n=28) and non-infection (n=38) groups. The following factors were considered in the present analysis: Primary disease, lymphocyte count, tacrolimus plasma concentration/dose (C0/D) ratio, CD4+ T lymphocyte ATP levels, at pre-transplant stage and at weeks 1–4, and 2 and 3 months post-transplant. The CD4+ T lymphocyte ATP values were plotted in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The CD4+ T lymphocyte ATP value of the infection group was significantly lower compared with that of the non-infection group (188.6±93.5 vs. 424.4±198.1 ng/ml, respectively; P<0.05). No correlation was observed between the ATP value and tacrolimus plasma C0/D ratio (R2=0.0001484); however, a correlation was reported between the ATP value and lymphocyte count (R2=0.2149). Analysis of the ROC curve indicated that the ATP levels of CD4+ T cells were significantly associated with the diagnostic value of infection (area under the curve=0.866). These findings suggest that low CD4+ T lymphocyte ATP levels may be an independent risk factor for infection following pediatric LDLT, and that the Immuknow assay may be used as a tool to evaluate T lymphocyte function in such patients to predict the risk of infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical relevance of a CD4+ T cell immune function assay in the diagnosis of infection in pediatric living‑donor liver transplantation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Invasive Candidiasis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Review

Sigler

Aslam

2021

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lipid components of bile increase the protective effect of conjugated bile salts against antifungal drugs

Hsieh

Brock

2017

Fungal Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research highlights Bile protects various pathogenic fungi from antifungals  Bile lipids increase antifungal trapping efficiency of conjugated bile salts  Polyunsaturated fatty acids mediate azole resistance of conjugated bile salts  Pathogen elimination from biliary system depends on antifungals not trapped in bile 2017). The resulting reduction in the bioavailability of drugs in the biliary system and 60 possibly also in the intestine might thereby not only prevent the clearance of pathogens from 61 these host niches, but might also lead to the development of drug resistant strains. 62Accordingly, a recent study revealed the emergence of echinocandin resistant Candida 63 species in liver transplant recipients after treatment with caspofungin (Prigent et al., 2017). 64Resistant strains were mainly isolated from the digestive system implying that a reduced 65 bioavailability of drugs might have caused this emergence (Prigent et al., 2017 was well tolerated by all strains, except for the C. neoformans isolates that revealed a slight, 185 but significant reduction in growth rate (Fig.1). Subsequently, we determined amphotericin B 186concentrations that suppress growth of the respective species. S. cerevisiae and C. glabrata 187 showed no growth at 0.5 µg/ml, the two Aspergillus species did not proliferate at 1 µg/ml and 188 the two C. neoformans strains did not grow in the presence of 2 µg/ml of amphotericin B 189( Fig.1). against caspofungin and amphotericin B (Fig. 3A). Here, we used a sub-protective 221 concentration of 10 mg/ml of taurocholate at which C. albicans was sensitive against 2 µg/ml 222 caspofungin and 4 µg/ml amphotericin B. Similarly, the phospholipid lecithin alone, in a 223 concentration of up to 10 mM, was not protective. However, 2.5 mM of lecithin enhanced the 224 protective effect of taurocholate and mediated caspofungin and amphotericin B resistance 225( Fig. 3A). Subsequently, the addition of phospholipids on fluconazole protection was 226 analysed, whereby the protective effect with either taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate or bile 227 was tested (Fig. 3B) defect was observed by the addition of myristic (C14) and palmitic (C16) acid (Fig 5A). 249However, despite the presence of 10 mg/ml taurocholate, palmitic acid was not well 250 solubilised and produced solid particles in the growth media at 37°C. Therefore, we 255Furthermore, similar to lecithin, a determination of the CMC value of taurocholate revealed 256 that myristic acid did not significantly reduce the concentration of taurocholate required to 257 form micelles (Fig. 4). Therefore, similar to phospholipids, saturated fatty acids reduce the Fig. 6A and 6B). A single species of 281 these polyunsaturated fatty acids was also able to confer resistance in a concentration 282 dependent manner when combined with taurocholate. In these analyses, arachidonic acid 283 showed a higher protective effect compared to linolenic acid. (Fig. 6C) (Fig. 6D). Unexpectedly, while neither phospholipids nor saturated fatty acids 292 significantly ...

show abstract

Infectious agents after liver transplant: etiology, timeline and patients’ cell-mediated immunity responses

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Clinical relevance of a CD4+ T cell immune function assay in the diagnosis of infection in pediatric living‑donor liver transplantation

Clinical relevance of a CD4+ T cell immune function assay in the diagnosis of infection in pediatric living‑donor liver transplantation

Invasive Candidiasis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Review

Lipid components of bile increase the protective effect of conjugated bile salts against antifungal drugs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About