Infectious Bronchitis Virus: A Comprehensive Multilocus Genomic Analysis to Compare DMV/1639 and QX Strains

Silva, Ana Paula da; Jude, Rachel; Gallardo, Rodrigo A.

doi:10.3390/v14091998

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These pathological findings are consistent with previous studies and case reports on the effects of CA1737 strain on the respiratory and renal tracts (7,13). It is notable that the QX, DMV, and T variant strains of IBV have also been shown to cause nephropathogenic disease as well as reproductive disorders (11,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some may develop a pendulous abdomen due to the accumulation of free yolks in the coelomic cavity or large cystic oviducts (6). Strains of IBV associated with cystic oviducts include the QX strain, Massachusetts (M41) strain, Australian T strain, and more recently the DMV/1639 strain in the United States and Canada (3,6,8,11,12). A recent challenge study by Slay et al .…”

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Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

et al. 2023

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False layer syndrome is a condition in which the reproductive tract of chicks is infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains that cause permanent damage to the oviduct. These chickens subsequently develop cystic oviducts and do not lay eggs, and affected flocks fail to reach expected egg production peaks. The California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory, Turlock Branch, received four separate case submissions from a 25-to-28-wk-old commercial ISA Brown layer flock. Birds were submitted for diagnostic evaluation due to suboptimal egg production and vent pecking. Submissions totaled 31 birds and consisted of live layers, recent mortality, and a flat of eggs. No clinical signs were observed in the submitted live birds. The most common gross findings included cystic left oviducts, signs of vent pecking, ovarian regression, and yolk coelomitis. The eggs were abnormally shaped with irregular, white, gritty deposits on the surface of the shell. Microscopically, there was atrophy of the oviducts, glandular hypoplasia, and lymphocytic salpingitis. In addition, lymphoplasmacytic tracheitis was observed, and renal tubules were dilated with multifocal areas of mineralization. IBV was identified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR from cecal tonsil tissue pools and tracheal swab pools. Sequencing of the S1 hypervariable region of IBV and whole-genome IBV sequencing were 97% homologous to the California variant CA1737/04. Definitive proof of the CA1737 strain's causing reproductive abnormalities will require challenge studies with fulfillment of Koch's postulates and evaluation of confounding and risk factors.RESUMEN. Reporte de caso-Virus de la bronquitis infecciosa Variante de California CA1737 aislada de una parvada comercial de ponedoras con oviductos quísticos y mala calidad externa del huevo.El síndrome de la falsa capa es una condición en la cual el tracto reproductivo de las gallinas esta ´infectado con cepas del virus de la bronquitis infecciosa (IBV) que causan daño permanente al oviducto. Posteriormente, estas gallinas desarrollan oviductos quísticos y bajas en la postura de huevo, las parvadas afectadas no alcanzan los picos de producción de huevos esperados. El laboratorio de Salud Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria de California, con sede en Turlock, recibió cuatro casos separados de una parvada comercial de ponedoras ISA Brown de 25 a 28 semanas de edad. Las aves se enviaron para evaluación diagnóstica debido a una producción de huevos subóptima y por presencia de picoteo en las cloacas. Se recibieron un total de 31 aves y consistieron en aves de postura vivas, mortalidad reciente y adema ´s una charola de huevos. No se observaron signos clínicos en las aves vivas enviadas. Los hallazgos macroscópicos ma ´s comunes incluyeron oviductos izquierdos quísticos, signos de picoteo en las cloacas, regresión ova ´rica y celomitis de la yema. Los huevos tenían una forma anormal con depósitos irregulares, blancos y arenosos en la superficie de la ca ´scara. Microscópicamente, había atrofia de los ovid...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

et al. 2023

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Characterization of predominant genotype (QX) of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated from layer chickens in Bangladesh

Parvin,

Sadekuzzaman,

Haque

et al. 2024

Poultry Science

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Cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 pathway orchestrates the replication of infectious bronchitis virus in chicken tracheal explants

Mahmoud,

Ali,

Farooq

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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In this study, we investigated the localized pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chicken tracheal organ cultures (TOCs), focusing on the role of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Two divergent IBV strains, respiratory Connecticut (Conn) A5968 and nephropathogenic Delmarva (DMV)/1639, were studied at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post-infection (hpi). Various treatments including exogenous prostaglandin (PGE)2, a selective COX-2 antagonist (SC-236), and inhibitors of PGE2 receptors and Janus kinase (JAK) were administered. IBV genome load and antigen expression were quantified using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. COX-2, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, interleukin (IL)−1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were measured, along with PGE2 and COX-2 concentrations. IBV genome load and protein expression peaked at 12 and 24 hpi, respectively. Conn A5968-infected TOCs exhibited continuous COX-2 expression for up to 24 hpi, extended PGE2 production up to 48 hpi, and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression. In contrast, DMV/1639-infected TOCs displayed heightened inflammatory cytokine expression, brief COX-2 expression, and PGE2 production. Treatment with IFN-γ, SC-236, PGE2 receptor inhibitors, or JAK inhibitors reduced IBV infection and lesion scores, whereas exogenous PGE2 or IFN-γ pretreatment with a JAK-2 inhibitor augmented infection. These findings shed light on the innate immune regulation of IBV infection in the trachea, highlighting the involvement of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. IMPORTANCE Understanding the localized pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) within the trachea of chickens is crucial for developing effective control strategies against this prevalent poultry pathogen. This study sheds light on the role of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and prostaglandin (PGE)2 in IBV pathogenesis using chicken tracheal organ culture (TOC) models. The findings reveal distinct patterns of COX-2 expression, PGE2 production, and immune responses associated with different IBV strains, highlighting the complexity of host-virus interactions. Furthermore, the identification of specific inhibitors targeting the COX-2/PGE2 pathway and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway provides potential therapeutic avenues for mitigating IBV infection in poultry. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the innate immune regulation of IBV infection within the trachea, laying the groundwork for the development of targeted interventions to control IBV outbreaks in poultry populations.

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Infectious Bronchitis Virus: A Comprehensive Multilocus Genomic Analysis to Compare DMV/1639 and QX Strains

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality

Characterization of predominant genotype (QX) of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated from layer chickens in Bangladesh

Cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 pathway orchestrates the replication of infectious bronchitis virus in chicken tracheal explants

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