Infectious causes of sudden infant death syndrome

Alfelali, Mohammad; Khandaker, Gulam

doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2014.09.004

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…There is a growing body of evidence that infection and inflammatory responses might trigger the events leading to sudden death in infancy. A recent review on infectious causes of SIDS concluded no specific organism was involved in SIDS ( 100 ). The evidence of Anderson et al ( 77 ) indicates that a balanced inflammatory response is important for dealing with new infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Deaths and Their Role in Inflammatory Responses to Infection

et al. 2015

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The risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) parallel those associated with susceptibility to or severity of infectious diseases. There is no evidence that a single infectious agent is associated with SIDS; the common thread appears to be induction of inflammatory responses to infections. In this review, interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors for SIDS are assessed in relation to the hypothesis that many infant deaths result from dysregulation of inflammatory responses to “minor” infections. Risk factors are assessed in relation to three important stages of infection: (1) bacterial colonization (frequency or density); (2) induction of temperature-dependent toxins; (3) induction or control of inflammatory responses. In this article, we review the interactions among risk factors for SIDS for their effects on induction or control of inflammatory responses. The risk factors studied are genetic factors (sex, cytokine gene polymorphisms among ethnic groups at high or low risk of SIDS); developmental stage (changes in cortisol and testosterone levels associated with 2- to 4-month age range); environmental factors (virus infection, exposure to cigarette smoke). These interactions help to explain differences in the incidences of SIDS observed between ethnic groups prior to public health campaigns to reduce these infant deaths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Deaths and Their Role in Inflammatory Responses to Infection

et al. 2015

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“…Applications of MF in biocrimes also include the tracking of sexually transmitted diseases and healthcare malpractice linked to the transmission of HIV [e.g., 31 – 36 , 53 , 184 ] and HCV [e.g., 54 , 55 ]. Moreover, this discipline is also used to determine responsibilities in cases of hospital-acquired infections [e.g., 185 , 186 ] or sudden death syndrome [e.g., 187 , 188 ].…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair

et al. 2017

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While traditional forensic genetics has been oriented towards using human DNA in criminal investigation and civil court cases, it currently presents a much wider application range, including not only legal situations sensu stricto but also and, increasingly often, to preemptively avoid judicial processes. Despite some difficulties, current forensic genetics is progressively incorporating the analysis of nonhuman genetic material to a greater extent. The analysis of this material—including other animal species, plants, or microorganisms—is now broadly used, providing ancillary evidence in criminalistics in cases such as animal attacks, trafficking of species, bioterrorism and biocrimes, and identification of fraudulent food composition, among many others. Here, we explore how nonhuman forensic genetics is being revolutionized by the increasing variety of genetic markers, the establishment of faster, less error-burdened and cheaper sequencing technologies, and the emergence and improvement of models, methods, and bioinformatics facilities.

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“…The idea was replaced by the notion that respiratory infection was somehow involved in the causal pathway. Unfortunately, the numerous studies [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] which attempted to prove the link generally failed, with the exception of Bajanowski et al [23] whose results favoured an hypothesis that respiratory virus infections could act as a trigger in sudden infant death.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

SIDS, prone sleep position and infection: An overlooked epidemiological link in current SIDS research? Key evidence for the “Infection Hypothesis”

Goldwater

2020

Medical Hypotheses

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Mainstream researchers explain the etiology of SIDS with the cardiorespiratory paradigm. This has been the focus of intense study for many decades without providing consistent supporting data to link CNS findings to epidemiological risk factors or to the usual clinicopathological findings. Despite this, and the apparent oversight of the link between prone sleep position and respiratory infection, papers citing CNS, cardiac and sleep arousal findings continue to be published. Discovery of the prone sleep position risk factor provided tangential support for the cardiorespiratory control hypothesis which defines the mainstream approach. Despite many decades of research and huge expenditure, no aetiological answer has been forthcoming. In asking why?This paper exposes some of the shortcomings regarding this apparent oversight by mainstream SIDS researchers and examines the role of respiratory infection and puts the case for the “Infection Hypothesis.” In addition, the paper provides encouragement to neuropathologists to examine the potential link between CNS findings and cardiac function (as opposed to respiratory function) in relation to infection and to examine possible correlates between CNS findings and established risk factors such as recent infection, contaminated sleeping surfaces, maternal/obstetric/higher birth, ethnicity, non-breast-feeding, male gender, etc. or with the usual gross pathological findings of SIDS (intrathoracic petechial hemorrhages, liquid blood, congested lungs). The shortcomings exposed through this review invite questions over current research directions and hopefully encourage research into other more plausible hypotheses, such as the infection paradigm. Mainstream SIDS researchers appear to have overlooked the key relationship between prone sleep position and infection. This omission has major implications for current and future SIDS research.

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Infectious causes of sudden infant death syndrome

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

Exploring the Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Deaths and Their Role in Inflammatory Responses to Infection

Exploring the Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Deaths and Their Role in Inflammatory Responses to Infection

Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair

SIDS, prone sleep position and infection: An overlooked epidemiological link in current SIDS research? Key evidence for the “Infection Hypothesis”

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