Infectious complications of cirrhosis

Brann, Oscar S.

doi:10.1007/s11894-001-0051-2

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In reality, intra-abdominal infections refer to infections that spread beyond the hollow viscus of origin into the peritoneal space. Such infections include pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, and hepatic abscesses as (24). Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.…”

Section: Intra-abdominal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GenusAeromonas: Taxonomy, Pathogenicity, and Infection

2010

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SUMMARY Over the past decade, the genus Aeromonas has undergone a number of significant changes of practical importance to clinical microbiologists and scientists alike. In parallel with the molecular revolution in microbiology, several new species have been identified on a phylogenetic basis, and the genome of the type species, A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, has been sequenced. In addition to established disease associations, Aeromonas has been shown to be a significant cause of infections associated with natural disasters (hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes) and has been linked to emerging or new illnesses, including near-drowning events, prostatitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Despite these achievements, issues still remain regarding the role that Aeromonas plays in bacterial gastroenteritis, the extent to which species identification should be attempted in the clinical laboratory, and laboratory reporting of test results from contaminated body sites containing aeromonads. This article provides an extensive review of these topics, in addition to others, such as taxonomic issues, microbial pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance markers.

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Section: Intra-abdominal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GenusAeromonas: Taxonomy, Pathogenicity, and Infection

2010

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“…Conditions proposed to be associated with plesiomonad sepsis in addition to biliary disease include cancer, cirrhosis, HIV, and bloodborne dyscrasias, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia (4,34,84,108,109,110,111,112). The latter diseases can sometimes lead to other conditions sporadically associated with P. shigelloides bacteremia, including splenectomy (108,111) and hemochromatosis (108,113).…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated With Plesiomonas Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

Janda¹,

2016

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SUMMARYAfter many years in the familyVibrionaceae, the genusPlesiomonas, represented by a single species,P. shigelloides, currently resides in the familyEnterobacteriaceae, although its most appropriate phylogenetic position may yet to be determined. Common environmental reservoirs for plesiomonads include freshwater ecosystems and estuaries and inhabitants of these aquatic environs. Long suspected as being an etiologic agent of bacterial gastroenteritis, convincing evidence supporting this conclusion has accumulated over the past 2 decades in the form of a series of foodborne outbreaks solely or partially attributable toP. shigelloides. The prevalence ofP. shigelloidesenteritis varies considerably, with higher rates reported from Southeast Asia and Africa and lower numbers from North America and Europe. Reasons for these differences may include hygiene conditions, dietary habits, regional occupations, or other unknown factors. Other human illnesses caused byP. shigelloidesinclude septicemia and central nervous system disease, eye infections, and a variety of miscellaneous ailments. For years, recognizable virulence factors potentially associated withP. shigelloidespathogenicity were lacking; however, several good candidates now have been reported, including a cytotoxic hemolysin, iron acquisition systems, and lipopolysaccharide. WhileP. shigelloidesis easy to identify biochemically, it is often overlooked in stool samples due to its smaller colony size or relatively low prevalence in gastrointestinal samples. However, one FDA-approved PCR-based culture-independent diagnostic test system to detect multiple enteropathogens (FilmArray) includesP. shigelloideson its panel. Plesiomonads produce β-lactamases but are typically susceptible to many first-line antimicrobial agents, including quinolones and carbapenems.

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“…Despite the availability of numerous isolation techniques, there is no recommended standard method for isolation of Arcobacters (Shah et al 2011). Due to this limiting factor, many of the important cases may go undetected, resulting in underestimation of the prevalence and epidemiological status of Arcobacters (Harrab et al 1998;Calvo et al 2013), and this also complicates the result interpretation as reported in various earlier studies (Brann 2001;Prouzet-Mauleon et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review

Ramees

Dhama

Karthik

et al. 2017

Veterinary Quarterly

138

130

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Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.

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Infectious complications of cirrhosis

Cited by 59 publications

References 53 publications

The GenusAeromonas: Taxonomy, Pathogenicity, and Infection

The GenusAeromonas: Taxonomy, Pathogenicity, and Infection

Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited

Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review

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