Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world

King, Kayla C.; Hall, Matthew D.; Wolinska, Justyna

doi:10.1098/rstb.2022.0002

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it is important to note that while conventional pollution typically has a more detrimental impact on hosts or pathogens when present in higher quantities, emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals can often exert their effects even at lower doses, usually after long-term exposure [6,77,78]. This phenomenon can be attributed to the specific manner in which these chemicals target conserved pathways [79]. The sensitization of the public, proper use and disposal, waste management, and purification have been proposed as essential measures to reduce pharmaceutical pollution and its potential adverse health and environmental effects [80].…”

Section: Pharmaceuticals and Pollution: Routes And Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights in Pharmaceutical Pollution: The Prospective Role of eDNA Metabarcoding

Papaioannou,

Geladakis,

Kommata

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Environmental pollution is a growing threat to natural ecosystems and one of the world’s most pressing concerns. The increasing worldwide use of pharmaceuticals has elevated their status as significant emerging contaminants. Pharmaceuticals enter aquatic environments through multiple pathways related to anthropogenic activity. Their high consumption, insufficient waste treatment, and the incapacity of organisms to completely metabolize them contribute to their accumulation in aquatic environments, posing a threat to all life forms. Various analytical methods have been used to quantify pharmaceuticals. Biotechnology advancements based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, like eDNA metabarcoding, have enabled the development of new methods for assessing and monitoring the ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceuticals. eDNA metabarcoding is a valuable biomonitoring tool for pharmaceutical pollution because it (a) provides an efficient method to assess and predict pollution status, (b) identifies pollution sources, (c) tracks changes in pharmaceutical pollution levels over time, (d) assesses the ecological impact of pharmaceutical pollution, (e) helps prioritize cleanup and mitigation efforts, and (f) offers insights into the diversity and composition of microbial and other bioindicator communities. This review highlights the issue of aquatic pharmaceutical pollution while emphasizing the importance of using modern NGS-based biomonitoring actions to assess its environmental effects more consistently and effectively.

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Section: Pharmaceuticals and Pollution: Routes And Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights in Pharmaceutical Pollution: The Prospective Role of eDNA Metabarcoding

Papaioannou,

Geladakis,

Kommata

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…These contaminants are then slow to degrade in the environment, and can bioaccumulate [25], with concerning implications for exposed wildlife [26], such as feminization of male fish [27][28][29] and renal failure in vultures [30]. However, little is known about how these pharmaceutical pollutants influence infectious disease traits (see [31,32]), such as the cost of infection or transmission potential, and thus how pharmaceuticals may affect this trade-off, which is fundamental to disease ecology and evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical pollution alters the cost of bacterial infection and its relationship to pathogen load

Aulsebrook,

Wong,

Hall

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The relationship between pathogen proliferation and the cost of infection experienced by a host drives the ecology and evolution of host–pathogen dynamics. While environmental factors can shape this relationship, there is currently limited knowledge on the consequences of emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceutical pollutants, on the relationship between a pathogen's growth within the host and the damage it causes, termed its virulence. Here, we investigated how exposure to fluoxetine (Prozac), a commonly detected psychoactive pollutant, could alter this key relationship using the water flea Daphnia magna and its bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa as a model system. Across a variety of fluoxetine concentrations, we found that fluoxetine shaped the damage a pathogen caused, such as the reduction in fecundity or intrinsic growth experienced by infected individuals, but with minimal change in average pathogen spore loads. Instead, fluoxetine modified the relationship between the degree of pathogen proliferation and its virulence, with both the strength of this trade-off and the component of host fitness most affected varying by fluoxetine concentration and host genotype. Our study underscores the potential for pharmaceutical pollution to modify the virulence of an invading pathogen, as well as the fundamental trade-off between host and pathogen fitness, even at the trace amounts increasingly found in natural waterways.

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“…Surprisingly, parasites, such as the amphibian-infecting B. dendrobatidis, often cluster with saprotrophs in those phylogenies (James et al, 2006;Joneson et al, 2011;Longcore et al, 2016;Van den Wyngaert et al, 2022). As fungal parasites contribute to major biodiversity losses during the current sixth mass extinction (conspicuous for example within the amphibians; Fisher et al, 2009) and play an important role in a changing world (King et al, 2023), it is crucial to understand the evolutionary dynamics and adaptive potential underlying their emergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics including new sequence data of phytoplankton-infecting chytrids reveals multiple independent lifestyle transitions across the phylum

Thome

Wolinska

Wyngaert

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Parasitism is the most common lifestyle on Earth and has emerged many times independently across the eukaryotic tree of life. It is frequently found among chytrids (Chytridiomycota), which are early-branching unicellular fungi that feed osmotrophically via rhizoids as saprotrophs or parasites. Chytrids are abundant in most aquatic and terrestrial environments and fulfil important ecosystem functions. As parasites, they can have significant impacts on host populations. They cause global amphibian declines and influence the Earth's carbon cycle by terminating algal blooms. To date, the evolution of parasitism within the chytrid phylum remains unclear due to the low phylogenetic resolution of rRNA genes for the early diversification of fungi, and because few parasitic lineages have been cultured and genomic data for parasites is scarce. Here, we combine transcriptomics, culture-independent single-cell genomics and a phylogenomic approach to overcome these limitations. We newly sequenced 29 parasitic taxa and combined these with existing data to provide a robust backbone topology for the diversification of Chytridiomycota. Our analyses reveal multiple independent lifestyle transitions between parasitism and saprotrophy among chytrids, multiple host shifts by parasites, and suggest that the chytrid last common ancestor was a parasite of phytoplankton.

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Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world

Abstract: One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world'.

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Insights in Pharmaceutical Pollution: The Prospective Role of eDNA Metabarcoding

Insights in Pharmaceutical Pollution: The Prospective Role of eDNA Metabarcoding

Pharmaceutical pollution alters the cost of bacterial infection and its relationship to pathogen load

Phylogenomics including new sequence data of phytoplankton-infecting chytrids reveals multiple independent lifestyle transitions across the phylum

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