Infectious diseases dynamics in growing/finishing pigs in Southern Brazil (2005-2016)

Abstract

<jats:p>ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of infectious diseases diagnosed through necropsy examination and histopathological analysis in growing/finishing pigs along 12 years (2005-2016) in Southern Brazil. We evaluated 1906 anatomopathological exams of pigs at growing/finishing phases, of which the infectious diseases corresponded to 75.6% of the cases (1,441/1,906). Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections were the most frequent, accounting for 51.3% of the cases (739/1,441) with a higher frequency from 2005 to 2007, characterizing an epidemic distribution, with a gradual decline after 2008. Infectious diseases affecting the respiratory system were the second major cause with 30.1% of the cases. Among these, necrotizing bronchiolitis caused by swine Influenza (15.1%, 218/1,441) and bacterial pneumonia (15%, 216/1,441) were the main conditions. Influenza was mostly diagnosed from 2010 to 2013, accounting for 43.1% (167/387) of the cases. After this period, both respiratory infectious diseases were endemic. Digestive system infectious diseases accounted for 10.5% of the diagnoses (151/1,441), with the following main conditions: Salmonella spp. enterocolitis (43.7%, 66/151), Lawsonia spp. proliferative enteropathy (41.7%, 63/151), and Brachyspira spp. colitis (14.6%, 22/151). The latter had a higher incidence from 2012 to 2014 with all cases detected in this period. Polyserositis and bacterial meningitis represented, respectively, 5.8% (84/1,441) and 2.3% (33/1,441) of the cases diagnosed, with a constant endemic character.</jats:p>

Causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in two technified farms in southern Brazil

“…Among viral diseases, circovirosis is one of the most important diseases diagnosed in pigs in Brazil (Brum et al 2013, Konradt et al 2020, which corroborates with our results, in which it was the third leading cause of death. Detected in the country since 1999, the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has become endemic, and it is controlled with the use of vaccines, which provide a significant reduction in the losses caused by the disease (Guedes 2012).…”

“…In addition, changes of the epidemiological profile of pig diseases can be observed today (Thrusfield 2013). Several studies show that infectious diseases are the most frequent in the growth and finishing phases, and these can represent up to 75% of the diagnoses (Wilson 1970, Lippke et al 2007, Brum et al 2013, Konradt et al 2020. Similarly, in the present study, infectious diseases were the most frequent.…”

“…In Brazil, swine influenza became important after the entry of the pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus in 2009 (Schaefer et al 2011). After 2013, the virus became endemic in the swine population, causing mild and less lethal lesions (Konradt et al 2020). Although there are few studies about influenza virus infection dynamics, Nirmala et al (2019) demonstrated that influenza A viruses isolated from the same batch at different times were genetically different, with multiple genotypes cocirculating throughout winter and summer.…”

Non-ambulatory pigs in two Brazilian growing-finishing farms: a clinic, etiological and pathological perspective on 76 cases

“…Fights and interactions among pigs may predispose older and heavy pigs to bone fractures [ 3 ]. Streptococcus suis and Glaesserella parassuis are the bacteria most commonly associated with suppurative meningitis in nursing piglets and weaners [ 20 , 21 ]. In this work, suppurative meningitis was observed in younger, recently housed pigs, which may be related to stressor factors associated with adaptation to a different environment and feeding [ 22 ].…”

Patologia De Equinos: Achados Macroscópicos De Equinos Necropsiados Em 2020

“…Nos últimos anos tornou-se frequente estudos das enfermidades que acometem equinos para a determinação de sua frequência e importância econômica (PIEREZAN et al, 2009a), assim como também foram realizados em bovinos (LUCENA et al, 2010), ovinos (RISSI et al, 2010), caprinos (BASSUINO et al, 2018) e suínos (KONRADT et al, 2020). É fundamental o conhecimento das enfermidades que afetam a população equina para que se realize uma determinação econômica e implementação de medidas para controle.…”