Infectious diseases

Corrin, B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3369-8.00005-7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 725 publications

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“…At histologic examination, one of the hallmarks of PM is hyphal invasion of large and small blood vessels, resulting in thrombosis and infarction (Figs 4d,12). Staining with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin can show fine threads of fibrin on the hyphal surfaces in blood vessels, indicating thrombogenic activity (18). Lesions have a variable level of neutrophilic infiltration depending on the degree of neutropenia.…”

Section: Disease Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lesions have a variable level of neutrophilic infiltration depending on the degree of neutropenia. Other infections may coexist in the specimen, particularly in immunocompromised hosts, including Aspergillus, Candida, bacterial, viral, and protozoal infection (18). At histologic examination in patients with a reverse halo sign, there is central necrosis with a peripheral zone of transition containing inflammatory cells, variable fibrosis, and fungal hyphae (Fig 10e).…”

Section: Disease Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…False septa may occur in the specimen because of shrinkage from processing. Mucor hyphae have been described as ribbonlike (18). Hyphae have irregular wide branches, compared with the regular acute-angle branching in Aspergillus species (10).…”

Section: Disease Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Risk Factors, Radiologic Findings, and Pathologic Correlation

et al. 2020

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Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is an uncommon fungal infection most often seen in immunocompromised patients. The fungus grows on decaying food, soil, and animal excrement. Patients usually become infected by inhalation of spores. The most common risk factors include diabetes mellitus, hematologic malignancy, and solid organ or stem cell transplant. PM can have a nonspecific appearance at imaging. For example, early imaging may show peribronchial ground-glass opacity. Later, the disease progresses to consolidation, nodules, or masses. Because patients are usually immunocompromised, the differential diagnosis often includes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Various radiologic findings suggestive of PM have been identified to help differentiate it from IPA. For example, the reverse halo sign is more closely associated with PM than with IPA. The reverse halo sign is an area of groundglass opacity surrounded by a rim of consolidation. In addition, the presence of pleural effusions and more than 10 nodules is more suggestive of PM than it is of IPA. PM can progress rapidly in neutropenic patients. Identification of the hyphae in tissue by using endobronchial or percutaneous sampling can allow differentiation from IPA and help confirm the diagnosis of mucormycosis. Because of the high mortality rate associated with PM, early identification of the disease is critical for an improved likelihood of survival. A multimodality treatment approach with antifungal agents and surgical débridement has been shown to improve outcomes. The authors review the risk factors for PM, describe its imaging appearance and disease process, and describe the treatment of the disease. ©

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Section: Disease Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Risk Factors, Radiologic Findings, and Pathologic Correlation

et al. 2020

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“…Bloodstream infections generally occur secondary to an infection of the urinary, gastrointestinal, or respiratory tract or following placement of intravenous or urinary catheters [ 2 , 3 ]. The rate of mortality related to K. pneumoniae bacteremia or pneumonia is higher than 20% [ 2 , 4 ]. Multi-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae is one of the most vexing issues in bacterial resistance [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gold Nanostars Plus Amikacin against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms

Aguilera-Correa

García-Álvarez

Mediero

et al. 2022

Biology

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(1) Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klesiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) infection rates depict an almost pre-antibiotic scenario since the pipeline for effective antibiotics against this pathogen has been almost entirely depleted. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of gold nanostars (GNS) alone or associated with some of the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of CR-KP strains, i.e., meropenem or amikacin, on both planktonic and sessile forms. Additionally, we measured the effect of GNS on cell proliferation and biocompatibility in invertebrate in vivo models. (2) Materials and methods: GNS were made from gold seeds grown using a seeded-growth surfactant-free method assisted by silver ions and functionalized with mercapto-poly(ethylene glycol)amino by ligand exchange. The antimicrobial capacity, effect on cell proliferation, and biocompatibility of the most effective combination was evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model. (3) Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 80 and 160 µM of GNS for all strains, respectively. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were >320 µM of GNS for both. A synergy was found between GNS and amikacin. Larvae administered GNS plus amikacin were found to tolerate the treatment well, which prevented infection. (4) Conclusions: GNS are a promising anti-CR-KP nanomaterial.

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“…MRSA can lead to severe conditions such as sepsis, pneumonia, surgical site infection, and fatality [2,10,11]. [9,12,13]. Due to the extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the normal flora in the oral cavity changes resulting in K. pneumonia domination in the pharyngeal microbiota.…”

Section: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Novel Streptomyces Bacteriophage Endolysins as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Maneekul

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As antibiotic resistance has become a major global threat, the World Health Organization has urgently called scientists for alternative strategies for control of bacterial infections. Endolysin, a protein encoded by a phage gene, can degrade bacterial peptidoglycan (PG). Currently, there are three endolysin products in the clinical phase. We, thus, are interested in exploring novel endolysins from Streptomyces phages as only a few of them have been experimentally characterized. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified nine functional domain groups from 250 Streptomyces phages putative endolysins. NootNoot gp34 (transglycosylase; Nt34lys), Nabi gp26 (amidase; Nb26lys), Tribute gp42 (PGRP; Tb42lys), and LazerLemon gp35 (CHAP; LL35lys) were selected for experimental studies. We hypothesized that (1) the proteins of interest will have the ability to degrade PG, and (2) the proteins will be potential antimicrobial agents against ESKAPE safe relatives. The results showed that LL35lys, Nb26lys and Tb42lys exhibit PG-degrading activity on zymography and hydrolysis assay. The enzymes (400 µg/mL) can reduce PG turbidity to 32-40%. The killing assay suggested that Tb42lys possess a boarder range (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter baylyi and Klebsiella aerogenes). While Nb26lys can attack Gram-negative bacteria, LL35lys can only reduce the growth of the Gram-positive strains with an MIC90 of 2 µg/mL. A higher concentration (≥300 µg/mL) of Nb26lys is needed to treat P. putida and K. aerogenes. Therefore, endolysins from Streptomyces phage have potential as possible antimicrobial agents against ESKAPE bacteria.

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Infectious diseases

Cited by 7 publications

References 725 publications

Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Risk Factors, Radiologic Findings, and Pathologic Correlation

Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Risk Factors, Radiologic Findings, and Pathologic Correlation

Effect of Gold Nanostars Plus Amikacin against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms

Investigating Novel Streptomyces Bacteriophage Endolysins as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

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