Infectious diseases: meningococcal disease

Ca, Hart

doi:10.1136/ewjm.173.2.125

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Clay ingestion has been claimed to counteract diarrhea or address anemia or other illnesses resulting from poor nutrition [ 91 , 92 ]. While the prolonged ingestion of clay and other non-nutritive materials (eg, dirt, ice, paint, hair) is currently classed biomedically as dangerous, possibly leading to physical or developmental disability in children or connected to medical and psychiatric issues in women [ 91 – 93 ], the craving and intermittent consumption of clay, especially during pregnancy, has been documented for centuries in many different regions worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ethnographic study of salt use and humoral concepts in a Latino farm worker community in California’s Central Valley

Barker

Guerra

Gonzalez-Vargas

et al. 2017

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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BackgroundThis article reports on the use of domestic or table salt for its perceived health effects and healing properties in a Latino farmworker community. It explores how contemporary salt usage beliefs can be seen to have roots in long-standing humoral theories of medicine and health.MethodsThis qualitative investigation comprised 30 in-depth individual interviews and five focus groups conducted in Spanish with Mexican and Central American immigrants in one small city in California’s Central Valley (N = 61 total participants). Interviews and focus groups were audiotaped, translated into English and transcribed. Several researchers independently and iteratively read transcripts, developed and applied codes, and engaged in thematic analysis.ResultsStrongly emergent themes identified the importance of balance in health, and beliefs about the effects on salt on health. Valued for its culinary role, for bringing out the flavors in food, and used by people of all ages, salt use is part of a robust set of cultural practices. Salt was regularly mixed with foods in different combinations and ingested to restore balance, prevent disequilibrium or reduce vulnerability to diverse illnesses, promote rehydration, and address symptoms of exposure to extremes of temperature or physical or emotional stress. Statements made and practices engaged in by participants were highly suggestive of health and healing beliefs common to humoral belief systems based primarily on a hot-cold dichotomy in classifications of foods and healing behaviors. We evaluate these statements and practices in the context of the existing literature on historical and contemporary humoral beliefs in Latin American communities, in Mexico and Central America, and in the United States.ConclusionHumoral theory is a useful framework for understanding contemporary rural Latino migrant farmworkers’ perceptions of the importance of salt for their health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ethnographic study of salt use and humoral concepts in a Latino farm worker community in California’s Central Valley

Barker

Guerra

Gonzalez-Vargas

et al. 2017

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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“…Queensland Health is currently rolling out a community vaccination initiative for Queenslanders aged 1 to 19. Over a three-year period, a staged vaccination program will involve vaccinating children aged 1 to 5 and secondary school students as a priority (2003), followed by primary school children (2004) [22].…”

Section: Community Vaccination Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Evidence for Prehospital Administration of Benzyl Penicillin in Meningococcal Septicaemia – Experience in Queensland

Tippett

Bonham

2005

Australasian Journal of Paramedicine

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Meningococcal disease is a rare but potential killer in both adults and children. Community acquired meningococcal disease is caused by a variety of serogroups of Neisseria meningitides. Of the five main subgroups, A, B, C, W135 and Y, serogroups, A and Y are rarely identified in Australia. Alternatively, Serogroup B accounts for the highest number of cases followed by serogroup C strains. Meningococcal infection causes two distinct clinical profiles, though dual presentations are not uncommon. The first, meningitis presenting alone, is the more common form of infection and requires urgent but not immediate medical treatment. Conversely the second presentation, meningococcal septicaemia, is considered a medical emergency. In Queensland, careful and detailed consideration of the evidence for introduction of benzyl penicillin for the prehospital treatment of meningococcal septicaemia has been conducted. Notwithstanding the seriousness of the septicaemic presentation, these reviews have resulted in the decision not to introduce this drug in the ambulance service at the time. This paper describes the reasoning behind these decisions.

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“…It is Meningococcal Disease (MD) any infections caused by meningococcus, including conjutive, septic arthritis, meningitis and septicemia (meningococcemia). [1] The invasive infection results in severe clinical spectrum, including meningitis and septicemia, which meningitis is the clinical form most frequent. [1] Meningitis can be caused by many infectious agents like bacteria, viruses and fungi, and non-infectious factors (like trauma).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] The invasive infection results in severe clinical spectrum, including meningitis and septicemia, which meningitis is the clinical form most frequent. [1] Meningitis can be caused by many infectious agents like bacteria, viruses and fungi, and non-infectious factors (like trauma). Meningococcal Meningitis is one of the most common: for example, accounts for up to 95% in epidemics of meningitis in the "African Meningitis Belt".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and laboratory aspects of adults and children admitted with meningococcal meningitis to a tertiary hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil

Daher

Maia

Ciarlini

et al. 2012

Ann Trop Med Public Health

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Background: Meningococcal meningitis (MM) persists in developing countries in forms of outbreaks, epidemics or sporadic cases, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and laboratory aspects of adults and children with MM. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study with 291 patients diagnosed with MM, hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Fortaleza, Northeast of Brazil, between 1999 and 2009. We analyzed epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings. Results: The mean age of patients was 13.7 ± 12.8 years, ranging from newborn to 71 years, 59% were 12 or less, mostly male (57.3%). Average time between symptom onset and hospitalization was 2.21 ± 2.62 days. There was associated meningococcemia at 22.3% of cases. The most common manifestations were fever (92.7%), vomiting (80.4%), headache (68.7%), neck stiffness (64.9%) and petechiae (31.9%). Laboratory tests showed an average Hb 11.1 ± 1.7 g/dL, WBC 17.94 ± 17.29 x 10³/mm³, platelets 20.58 ± 11.53 x 10³/mm³. Sodium (134.66 ± 14.89 mEq/l), potassium (4.2315 ± 3.8805 mEq/l), urea (35.66 ± 35.96 mg/dl), creatinine (0.77 ± 0.77 mg/dl), AST (48.81 ± 62.73 units/L), and ALT (37.93 ± 36.78 units/L) were other laboratory parameters. There was record of 25 deaths (8.5%). Conclusion: Most were children below 12 years, suggesting the vulnerability of this age group for MM. There was no statistical difference between adults and children with regard to laboratorial parameters, but the data show numbers that can represent a laboratory profile of the disease.

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Infectious diseases: meningococcal disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

An ethnographic study of salt use and humoral concepts in a Latino farm worker community in California’s Central Valley

An ethnographic study of salt use and humoral concepts in a Latino farm worker community in California’s Central Valley

Review of the Evidence for Prehospital Administration of Benzyl Penicillin in Meningococcal Septicaemia – Experience in Queensland

Clinical and laboratory aspects of adults and children admitted with meningococcal meningitis to a tertiary hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil

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