Infectious Mononucleosis: An Updated Review

Leung, Alexander K C; Lam, Joseph M.; Barankin, Benjamin

doi:10.2174/1573396320666230801091558

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 289 publications

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“…Splenic rupture is a potentially life-threatening complication that occurs in 0.1% to 0.5% of patients with IM. [ 14 ] Splenectomy may be needed in cases of splenic rupture, or abscess despite aggressive conservative treatment. In this patient, splenic infarction was successfully treated with supportive therapy without any adverse outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case report of splenic infarction in a previously healthy teenager caused by acute infectious mononucleosis

2024

Medicine

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Rationale: Splenic infarction usually occurs in patients with underlying illnesses such as thromboembolic disorders and infiltrative hematologic diseases. Herein, we report a rare case of splenic infarction in a previously healthy boy diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis (IM). Splenic infarction is a rare complication of IM and its incidence is unknown. This case report summarizes the clinical characteristics, treatment options, and anticipated time for recovery from splenic infarction in IM. Patient concern: A16-year-old boy presented to our clinic with complaints of fever, sore throat, and general sweakness for 7 days. The patient was diagnosed with IM due to an Epstein–Barr virus infection. Two days later, the patient developed severe abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant and returned to our ER for further evaluation. Diagnosis: IM complicated with splenic infarction. Interventions: Contrast-enhanced CT confirmed the diagnosis of splenic infarction. This patient was admitted for supportive treatment and close medical monitoring. Surgical Outcomes: The patient recovered well with conservative treatment. Lessons: IM is most often seen in adolescents and young adults. Splenic infarction is a rare complication of IM, particularly in patients who do not usually have any underlying predisposing medical conditions. Contrast-enhanced CT is the imaging modality of choice in suspected cases. Early recognition and treatment of splenic infarction in patients with IM can help prevent potentially life-threatening events. Patients should be advised to avoid sports that may precipitate splenic rupture. However it is still unknown when it is safe for patients to resume sports. In our case, 6 weeks after the splenic infarction, the patient generally felt well with complete resolution of objective symptoms and splenomegaly, and resumed sports without experiencing any adverse events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case report of splenic infarction in a previously healthy teenager caused by acute infectious mononucleosis

2024

Medicine

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“…The rich symptomatology of IM causes patients to present with a diverse constellation of symptoms and possible complications [ 21 , 22 ]. There were also some differences between the two groups we studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of steroid therapy of complications of infectious mononucleosis on the course of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis

Rutkowska,

Pokorska-Śpiewak

2023

ceh

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Aim of the study The purpose of the study was to characterize the differences in the course of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primary infection-induced hepatitis between patients treated with steroids due to complications of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and those not receiving such therapy. Material and methods We analyzed the changes in the activity of liver enzymes and differences in abdominal ultrasound results. The study was based on reviewing the medical records of children hospitalized for primary EBV infection at the Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, between August 2017 and March 2023. The study population was divided into two groups: patients treated with steroids (Group 1) and children not receiving steroids (Group 2). Results Significant differences were obtained for alanine aminotransferase activity only in the first week of IM (205.34 ±115.40 vs. 288.82 ±170.16 IU/l for Group 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.024), and for aspartate aminotransferase in the first (170.63 ±159.47 vs. 218.85 ±128.22 IU/l for Group 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.009) and the third week (151.09 ±138.57 vs. 235.50 ±170.27 IU/l for Group 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.016). The analysis of the results of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of cholestasis (γ-glutamyl transferase and total serum bilirubin concentrations with fractions) did not show significant differences between the groups. Conclusions Our results indicated that the two cohorts of patients may differ in the course of hepatitis associated with primary EBV infection, especially at the beginning of the disease, when the laboratory features of hepatitis were less pronounced in children treated with steroids.

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“…Інкубаційний період становить від 7 до 50 днів. Після інфікування людина залишається носієм вірусу протягом всього життя, час від часу виділяючи вірус у слину, що забезпечує поширення інфекції у популяції [3].…”

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Identification of mononucleosis by automatic and microscopic methods (clinical case)

Lytvynenko,

Yeromenko,

Mozghova

et al. 2024

MTT

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Infectious mononucleosis is an acute anthropogenic viral disease caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). According to statistics from the Public Health Centre of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the number of cases in the period from 2018 to 2021 was 5,482; 5,467; 2,431; and 1,023; respectively. 5,467 people developed infectious mononucleosis in Ukraine in 2019. In particular, 863 cases were recorded in non-city dwellers, and 4,597 in children under 17. This indicates an increase in morbidity among urban residents, which determines the relevance of the study of infectious mononucleosis. The development of this disease is accompanied by fever, tonsillar pharyngitis, maculopapular skin rash and the appearance of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, which make up more than 10% of the total number of lymphocytes. Splenic rupture is the most dangerous complication of this disease. The article analyzes the clinical case of a child who complained of increased body temperature and enlarged lymph nodes. Attention is paid to the indicators of clinical blood analysis, namely to atypical mononuclear cells, which are an indicator of infectious mononucleosis. The results of a quantitative automated hematological analyzer with a microscopic (manual) method of diagnosis were analyzed. It has been established that if, when receiving the results on the analyzer, the indicators are outside the normal range, then it is necessary to use the microscopic method of counting, which will not only clarify but also expand the limits of diagnosis in making the final diagnosis. Thus, the increase in morbidity, difficulties in diagnosis and possibility of complications (splenomegaly and hepatomegaly) make it important to study infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV. This disease is an important scientific and practical problem of modern clinical laboratory diagnostics. Keywords: infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus, atypical lymphocytes.

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Infectious Mononucleosis: An Updated Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 289 publications

A rare case report of splenic infarction in a previously healthy teenager caused by acute infectious mononucleosis

A rare case report of splenic infarction in a previously healthy teenager caused by acute infectious mononucleosis

The influence of steroid therapy of complications of infectious mononucleosis on the course of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis

Identification of mononucleosis by automatic and microscopic methods (clinical case)

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