Infectious or Acquired Motor Neuron Diseases

Moodley, Manikum; David, William S.; Seay, Alan R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417044-5.00010-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Less than 1% of infected individuals develop paralytic forms of the disease (Hamborsky et al, ; Hecht, ; Sutter et al, ), with adults being far more susceptible than children (1/75 vs. 1/1000; Gawne & Halstead, ). The fatality rate is much higher in adults than children, approximately 15–30% compared with less than 5% (Aufderheide & Rodrίguez‐Martίn, ; De Jesus, ; Moodley, David, & Seay, ).…”

Section: Differential Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible neurogenic disorder in a female buried in the monastic cemetery at Ghazali (ca. 670–1270 CE), northern Sudan

Ciesielska

Stark

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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During the archaeological excavations of a Christian monastic cemetery in northern Sudan, a double-vaulted tomb was discovered housing the remains of three individuals, among them a 50+-year-old female. The skeletal remains of this individual displayed significant asymmetry of the lower limbs, with apparent muscle atrophy and shortening of the left extremity, in combination with other symptoms suggestive of a neurogenic background of the condition. This paper presents a differential assessment, considering various possible etiologies of the observed lesions, including poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, and Rasmussen's encephalitis. The morphology and patterning of the observed lesions suggest the first known occurrence of poliomyelitis from medieval Sudanese contexts.

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Section: Differential Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible neurogenic disorder in a female buried in the monastic cemetery at Ghazali (ca. 670–1270 CE), northern Sudan

Ciesielska

Stark

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…However, the primary challenge in treating or managing rabies lies in the neurotropic nature of the rabies virus, making it difficult to access once it has entered the central nervous system (Kakooza-Mwesige et al 2019). At this stage, only molecules capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and penetrating nerve cells can effectively inhibit the infection (Moodley et al 2015).…”

Section: Rabiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Accessories as a Carrier for Zoonotic Disease

2023

IJAB

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Healthcare workers are vital for public health, but they can get sick and unintentionally spread infections among patients. Microorganisms can enter healthcare settings through items like laptops, lab coats, money, keys, drinks, phone accessories, and medical tools. Healthcare workers can unknowingly pass infections between patients by using various objects and accessories. For example, female healthcare workers are advised to clean their handbags daily and avoid fabric purses. White coats can also spread contamination, so there are suggestions to limit their use in non-clinical areas. Zoonotic diseases, which transfer from animals to humans, are a growing concern. Diseases like Anthrax, Rabies, Tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Campylobacteriosis, and Leptospirosis pose health risks. Preventing zoonotic diseases involves vaccination programs, such as immunizing dogs against Rabies. Vaccinating animals is crucial to protect public health and prevent the spread of these diseases. To address the risks of zoonotic diseases, collaboration between public health veterinarians and other stakeholders is necessary for effective prevention and management.

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“…In these cases, waiting and observation of the disease progression over the next few weeks and months are needed. In patients with paralytic poliomyelitis, the typical clinical picture is that of an MND with generalized weakness followed by asymmetrical flaccid paralysis and conserved sensory functions (118); therefore polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of poliovirus in stool, throat swabs, blood, and CSF may be indicated when confronted with an MND clinical picture (119).…”

Section: Diagnosis and Management Of Mndsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay Between Neuroinfections, the Immune System and Neurological Disorders: A Focus on Africa

et al. 2022

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Neurological disorders related to neuroinfections are highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), constituting a major cause of disability and economic burden for patients and society. These include epilepsy, dementia, motor neuron diseases, headache disorders, sleep disorders, and peripheral neuropathy. The highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in SSA. Consequently, there is a high prevalence of neurological disorders associated with HIV infection such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, motor disorders, chronic headaches, and peripheral neuropathy in the region. The pathogenesis of these neurological disorders involves the direct role of the virus, some antiretroviral treatments, and the dysregulated immune system. Furthermore, the high prevalence of epilepsy in SSA (mainly due to perinatal causes) is exacerbated by infections such as toxoplasmosis, neurocysticercosis, onchocerciasis, malaria, bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis, and the immune reactions they elicit. Sleep disorders are another common problem in the region and have been associated with infectious diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis and HIV and involve the activation of the immune system. While most headache disorders are due to benign primary headaches, some secondary headaches are caused by infections (meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess). HIV and neurosyphilis, both common in SSA, can trigger long-standing immune activation in the central nervous system (CNS) potentially resulting in dementia. Despite the progress achieved in preventing diseases from the poliovirus and retroviruses, these microbes may cause motor neuron diseases in SSA. The immune mechanisms involved in these neurological disorders include increased cytokine levels, immune cells infiltration into the CNS, and autoantibodies. This review focuses on the major neurological disorders relevant to Africa and neuroinfections highly prevalent in SSA, describes the interplay between neuroinfections, immune system, neuroinflammation, and neurological disorders, and how understanding this can be exploited for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for improved patient care.

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Infectious or Acquired Motor Neuron Diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 146 publications

Possible neurogenic disorder in a female buried in the monastic cemetery at Ghazali (ca. 670–1270 CE), northern Sudan

Possible neurogenic disorder in a female buried in the monastic cemetery at Ghazali (ca. 670–1270 CE), northern Sudan

Personal Accessories as a Carrier for Zoonotic Disease

The Interplay Between Neuroinfections, the Immune System and Neurological Disorders: A Focus on Africa

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