Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus Sp serotype in farmed Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L., post‐smolts associated with mortality and clinical disease

Smail, D. A.; Bruno, D. W.; Dear, G.; McFarlane, L.; Ross, Kristin

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00639.x

Cited by 98 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The parr-smolt transformation is an intense stress to salmon (as indicated by the increased cortisol levels) rendering them vulnerable to infections and increased predatory risks during and following the migration (Smail et al 1992, Mesa et al 1999. Energetic costs of transforming the ion excretory tissues and consequent reductions in survival rates are expected to impose selective pressures against the parr-smolt transformation unless it is associated with significant adaptive advantages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Gene Expression in the Gill of Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts from Anadromous and Landlocked Populations

Lemmetyinen

Piironen²,

Kiiskinen

et al. 2013

Annales Zoologici Fennici

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined whether gene expression in the young salmon (Salmo salar) gill differs in relation to the salinity of their migration habitat by comparing three salmon stocks: (1) fish that migrate from a river system to Lake Saimaa, (2) fish that migrate to the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea, and (3) fish that migrate to the full-strength salinity of the Arctic Ocean. Transcripts of the gill tissue were measured at three successive developmental stages (parr, smolt and postsmolt) using the cDNA microarray in fish reared under common conditions. The changes in gene expression were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in the three stocks irrespective of the salinity of the natural growing habitat. This suggests that the parr-smolt transformation in the gill tissue of the landlocked fresh-water salmon stock is similar to the seawater migrating salmon. The transformation of the gill to a hypoosmotic organ in the freshwater salmon has been retained in evolution, possibly due to its adaptive role as a signal for migration from a relatively poor-growth environment of the river to a more productive lake habitat.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Gene Expression in the Gill of Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts from Anadromous and Landlocked Populations

Lemmetyinen

Piironen²,

Kiiskinen

et al. 2013

Annales Zoologici Fennici

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Natural and experimental infections with IPN virus (IPNV) have caused mortality in larvae and juveniles of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Biering et al 1994, Wood et al 1996. IPN is also a major problem in fry of salmonids, as well as in post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Wolf 1988, Krogsrud et al 1989, Smail et al 1992, Taksdal et al 1997. In Norway, symptom-free IPNV carriers have been commonly reported among farmed Atlantic salmon (Melby et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor to experimental infection with nodavirus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Sommer¹,

Strand²,

Rasmussen³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor is a promising new species for cold-water aquaculture. The broad host-range of piscine nodavirus (NV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) makes them potentially pathogenic to new fish species in aquaculture. IPNV and NV strains highly pathogenic in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglassus, respectively, in Norway were used for the challenge of spotted wolffish. In general, water-borne infection with IPNV and NV resulted in significant mortality among juveniles <1 g. Cumulative mortality after bath-challenge and cohabitation was 60 to 75% in the smallest juveniles (0.3 g). Intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of NV was 100% lethal to wolffish of 10 g, and the groups at 12°C died before those at 7°C. No cohabitants of this size died, but NV was still detectable in these individuals after 10 wk. A persistent IPNV infection with low mortality developed in bath-challenged juveniles of 0.7 g, in which IPNV was still detectable 4 mo later. This study comprises a demonstration of experimental viral infections in cultured spotted wolffish, although to date no natural outbreaks of viral diseases have been reported in this species. KEY WORDS: Viral nervous necrosis · VNN · Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy · VER · Nodavirus · Infectious pancreatic necrosis · IPN · IPN virus · Spotted wolffish Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 59: [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] 2004 Nakai 1997), and recently in the USA (Curtis et al. 2001) and Atlantic Canada (Johnson et al. 2002). Like IPN, VNN has caused high mortality in fry of Atlantic halibut (Grotmol et al. 1995), and in Atlantic cod (Starkey et al 2001, Johnson et al. 2002. Recently a persistent infection of NV was reported in halibut juveniles (Johansen et al 2002).The broad host-range of NV and IPNV makes these viruses potentially pathogenic to new fish species in aquaculture. The aim of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of spotted wolffish juveniles to NV and IPNV strains highly pathogenic to farmed Atlantic salmon and halibut in Norway, and proactively study the possibility of VNN or IPN outbreak in this species. Some factors known to affect the outcome of these viral infections in fishes, such as host size, water temperature and infection route, were examined in 3 separate challenge experiments. However, the virulence of NV and IPNV was not compared. MATERIALS AND METHODSInitially, production of farmed spotted wolffish was small and limited the number of fish available for experimental studies. The present study was performed over a 4 yr period, using 3 different generations of spotted wolffish progeny (P) produced in 1998, 2000 and 2001. Attempts at viral detection were done on all batches of non-challenged wolffish: in 2 pools of 5 juveniles sampled at the start and the end of the trials, as well as in dead individuals. Due to the low number of control fish in Expt 1, these were only...

show abstract

“…Natural outbreaks of IPN in older salmonids have also been reported (Roberts & McKnight 1976, Krogsrud et al 1989, Smail et al 1992. In Norway, farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. carrying the virus are very common (Melby et al 1991), and the disease has become a significant contributor to post-smolt mortalities (Jarp et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our preliminary results show that serum components isolated from fish with acute IPN have anti-viral properties (unpubl.). It is well documented that fish produce interferon (IFN) or IFN-like agents in response to different viral infections including IPNV, and that the IFN production coincides with virus multiplication (de Kinkelin & Dorson 1973, 115 Dis Aquat Org 47: 109-117, 2001 Dorson et al 1992, Hedrick et al 1994, Chinchar et al 1998. If IFN is the main cause of the protection against ISAV found in our study, these reports support the observations that only fish with acute IPN, i.e., actively producing IPNV, were protected against ISAV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Johansen¹,

Sommer²

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus (IPNV) infection in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar L. post-smolts and its influence on the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) or Vibrio salmonicida were studied. The infections with ISAV or V. salmonicida were performed both in a period of acute IPN and in the following IPNV carrier stage, 3 and 6 to 8 wk after experimental IPNV challenge, respectively. An IPNV carrier condition at low virus titre did not influence the mortality rates after secondary infections. Neither the ISAV infection nor the V. salmonicida infection in experimentally induced IPNV carriers resulted in mortalities different from those observed after challenge of IPNV-free fish. At higher IPNV titres in Atlantic salmon with acute IPN, the outcome of secondary infections was quite different from that observed in IPNVfree fish and in IPNV carriers. In 2 different experiments significantly more fish died when fish with acute IPN were infected with V. salmonicida than when fish were infected with V. salmonicida alone. Mortality also started earlier in the double-infected group than in the group challenged with V. salmonicida alone, 3 to 4 and 8 d after V. salmonicida infection, respectively. Similar results were observed independent of whether mortalities due to IPN alone were registered in the experiments. When Atlantic salmon with acute IPN were infected with ISAV, significantly fewer fish died than when fish were infected with ISAV alone. The ongoing IPNV infection seemed to provide some protection against development of ISA. KEY WORDS: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus · IPNV · Atlantic salmon · IPNV carriers · Coinfection · Vibrio salmonicida · Infectious salmon anaemia virus Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 47: [109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] 2001 survival than parallel groups of trout not previously infected with IPNV (de Kinkelin et al. 1992). Furthermore, protection against IHNV in juvenile rainbow trout was registered for 4 wk after a cutthroat trout virus (CTV) infection (Hedrick et al.1994), while resistance to IHNV lasted up to 8 wk after a chum salmon reovirus (CSV) infection (La Patra et al. 1995). Reports on the interaction between viruses and bacteria in experimentally infected fish are rather few, but recently Lee et al. (1999) reported double infections with IPNV and Vibrio carchariae in grouper Epinephelus sp. No mortality was registered in fish experimentally infected with IPNV or V. carchariae alone. Only double-infected fish died, suggesting a mutual role of the 2 pathogens in disease development.There is still little knowledge about what influence an IPNV carrier condition may have on the general health of Atlantic salmon and the development of diseases. We have studied experimental IPNV infections in Atlantic salmon and potential influences on the outcome of both a viral and a bacterial secondary infection. To our knowledge this is the first report co...

show abstract

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus Sp serotype in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post‐smolts associated with mortality and clinical disease

Cited by 98 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of Gene Expression in the Gill of Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts from Anadromous and Landlocked Populations

Comparison of Gene Expression in the Gill of Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts from Anadromous and Landlocked Populations

Susceptibility of spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor to experimental infection with nodavirus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About