Infective endocarditis in children and adolescents: a different profile with clinical implications

Vicent, Lourdes; Goenaga, Miguel Ángel; Muñóz, Patricia; Marín-Arriaza, Mercedes; Valerio, Maricela; Fariñas, María Carmen; Cobo-Belaustegui, Manuel; Alarcón, Arı́stides de; Rodríguez-Esteban, María Ángeles; Miró, José M.; Goikoetxea-Agirre, Ane Josune; Campos, Daniel; García-Vázquez, Elisa; Martínez‐Sellés, Manuel

doi:10.1038/s41390-022-01959-3

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…About 50–70% of pediatric IE is seen in patients with congenital heart disease [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], which is the main predisposing condition. Conversely, in adult patients, the most common heart diseases predisposing to IE include degenerative valve disease or valve replacement surgery with prosthesis implantation, which are significantly more common than in children [ 10 ]. The type of congenital heart disease influences IE risk.…”

Section: Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for IE (especially the presence of congenital heart disease) and location vary according to the patient’s medical history [ 10 ]. In children with a history of congenital heart disease, the right location is common, especially in the pulmonary valve [ 10 , 34 ]. The presence of previous corrective surgeries with the use of prosthetic material, grafts, patches, or conduits pose an increased risk of infection and a diagnostic challenge, since the visualization of these conduits is complex with the usual imaging techniques, such as echocardiography [ 10 , 33 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Streptococci infections, primarily the viridans group, are also very frequent [ 35 ]. Specifically, in the case of children, Staphylococcus species are the most common (especially in children without heart disease), followed by Streptococcus species [ 1 , 10 ]. However, for children with underlying heart disease, the viridans group Streptococcus is the most common cause [ 1 , 10 ] ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, in the case of children, Staphylococcus species are the most common (especially in children without heart disease), followed by Streptococcus species [ 1 , 10 ]. However, for children with underlying heart disease, the viridans group Streptococcus is the most common cause [ 1 , 10 ] ( Figure 3 ). As in adults, IE from Gram-negative organisms is rare in children [ 1 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Infective Endocarditis: A Literature Review

Vicent

Luna

Sellés

2022

JCM

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Infective endocarditis in children is a rare entity that poses multiple challenges. A history of congenital heart disease is the most common risk factor, although in recent years, other emerging predisposing conditions have gained relevance, such as central venous catheters carriers or children with chronic debilitating conditions; cases in previously healthy children with no medical history are also seen. Diagnosis is complex, although it has improved with the use of multimodal imaging techniques. Antibiotic treatment should be started early, according to causative microorganism and risk factors. Complications are frequent and continue to cause significant morbidity. Most studies have been conducted in adults and have been generalized to the pediatric population, with subsequent limitations. Our manuscript presents a comprehensive review of pediatric infective endocarditis, including recent advances in diagnosis and management.

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Section: Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%