Infective endocarditis of a native aortic valve due to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> complicated by progressive multi-drug resistance

Aldhaheri, Khuloud; Andany, Nisha; Eshaghi, Alireza; Simor, Andrew E.; Palmay, Lesley; Patel, Samir N.; Lam, Philip W

doi:10.3138/jammi-2021-0030

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Beta-lactams have a slow bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas , with resistance to the drugs developing rapidly. Hence, the treatment of P. aeruginosa endocarditis usually necessitates the combination of antipseudomonal drugs like beta-lactams with aminoglycosides or carbapenems, such as imipenem and meropenem [ 11 ]. Successful treatment with antibiotics alone is rare, and adjunctive valvular surgery is indicated for the best chance of survival, especially in cases of refractory endocarditis, persistent bacteremia, or extensive destruction of the valve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hole in the Heart, a Hole in the Defenses: A Case of Pseudomonas Endocarditis

Naeem,

Kansakar,

Basnet

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious infection of the cardiac endothelium. This case report presents a rare instance of left-sided Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis in an immunocompetent patient without traditional risk factors for IE. Pseudomonas endocarditis is uncommon and usually associated with specific factors. The patient in this case was a 30-year-old male with end-stage renal disease, receiving hemodialysis through a tunneled dialysis catheter, who developed a fever. Blood cultures confirmed P. aeruginosa as the causative agent, which prompted the administration of appropriate antibiotics and the removal of the catheter. However, subsequent imaging revealed significant damage to the mitral valve. Despite timely mitral valve replacement and aggressive medical treatment, the patient’s condition worsened, and he ultimately succumbed to the infection. This case also emphasizes the necessity of timely diagnosis and intervention. In this patient, by the time it was diagnosed and managed, significant mitral valve damage had already occurred. Therefore, it should be considered a differential diagnosis even in patients with no risk factors and should be managed vigorously. Pseudomonas endocarditis is associated with high mortality, and successful treatment often requires a combination of antipseudomonal antibiotics due to the organism’s ability to develop resistance. Surgical intervention, such as valve replacement, is frequently necessary. This case underscores the importance of considering P. aeruginosa infection, even in patients without traditional risk factors for IE. Early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and timely surgical intervention are critical for improving outcomes in Pseudomonas endocarditis cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%