Infectivity of seropositive dogs, showing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, to Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies

Michalsky, Érika Monteiro; Rocha, Marília Fonseca; Lima, Ana Cristina Vianna Mariano da Rocha; França-Silva, João Carlos; Pires, Marize Quinhones; Oliveira, Fernanda Santos de; Pacheco, Raquel S.; Santos, Sara Lopes dos; Barata, Ricardo Andrade; Romanha, Álvaro J.; Fortes-Dias, Consuelo Latorre; Dias, Edelberto Santos

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.004

Cited by 150 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our finding that only polysymptomatic dogs infected by the IV route were infective to sand flies is consistent with previous observations that the proportion of flies that acquire the infection on a given dog correlates with the severity of the disease. 18,48,49 In contrast to these observations in Latin America, both asymptomatic and polysymptomatic dogs from the Mediterranean basin were shown to be highly infective to sand flies. 50 This could be caused by the marked vector competence of the Old World species Phlebotomus perniciosus as opposed to the New World species L. longipalpis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Travi¹,

Osorio²,

Saldarriaga³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Experimental infection of dogs with Leishmania infantum has yielded heterogeneous clinical, parasitologic, and immunologic results. We studied dogs infected with 10 5 or 10 4 sand fly-derived promastigotes delivered by the intradermal (ID) or intravenous (IV) routes. Total mortality over 1 year post-infection reached 23.8%. The mortality and proportion of sustained polysymptomatic dogs was highest in the IV-10 5 group. The early appearance of polysymptoms was associated with an increased risk of progression to death. Dissemination of the parasite to lymph nodes was faster, and the subsequent infectivity to sand flies higher, in the IV compared with ID-infected dogs. Parasite-specific IgG1 or IgG2 production was similar among the groups, but higher interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was associated with polysymptomatic dogs. On the basis of the data obtained from this study, a sample size analysis using different endpoints for future vaccine trials is described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Travi¹,

Osorio²,

Saldarriaga³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…No entanto, não há consenso na literatura sobre essa relação. Alguns autores já observaram que animais sem sinais clínicos não transmitem o parasito (Travi et al 2001) enquanto outros argumentam que um cão infectado pode transmitir o protozoário independentemente de apresentar ou não sinais clínicos (Michalsky et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussão E Conclusãounclassified

Avaliação da infectividade parasitária a Lutzomyia longipalpis por xenodiagnóstico em cães tratados para leishmaniose visceral naturalmente adquirida

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-O efeito de um protocolo quimioterápico multidrogas contra a leishmaniose visceral (LV) canina, sobre a capacidade de transmissão de Leishmania infantum ao vetor, foi analisado por meio de xenodiagnóstico. Trinta e cinco cães naturalmente infectados foram avaliados antes e durante o tratamento com a combinação de metronidazol, cetoconazol e alopurinol a cada três meses por até um ano. Em cada avaliação, os cães foram individualmente submetidos ao xenodiagnóstico e quantificação da carga parasitária por PCR quantitativa. O tratamento foi eficaz em bloquear a transmissibilidade parasitária do cão para o flebotomíneo (p= 0,011) nos cães avaliados. Houve significante correlação entre recuperação clínica e infectividade: cães com melhora clínica mais evidente apresentaram menores chances de transferir L. infantum ao Lutzomyia longipalpis via xeno-

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“…In order to achieve this, it is essential to conduct specifically designed cohort studies. While it is intuitive to believe that dogs are significant reservoirs because they are more competent at infecting sand flies than people 47,[63][64][65][66][67][68] , other parameters that depend on the vectors (vectorial capacity) are much more significant for the basic reproductive number of the disease (e.g., the number of secondary cases emerging from an infectious case) and, therefore, for the incrimination of reservoirs. For example, some observations and mathematical models show that the importance of a reservoir is regulated not only by its competence in infecting vectors, but also by the parameters that measure a) the degree of exposure of vertebrate hosts to vectors and b) the vector daily mortality.…”

Section: The Importance Of Dog Infection For Human Kala-azarmentioning

confidence: 99%

How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? a critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy

Costa

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

127

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How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? A critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policyQuanto é efetivo o abate de cães para o controle do calazar zoonótico? Uma avaliação crítica da ciência, política e ética por trás desta política de saúde pública Carlos Henrique Nery Costa 1,2 ABSTRACT Introduction: Zoonotic kala-azar, a lethal disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania is considered out of control in parts of the world, particularly in Brazil, where transmission has spread to cities throughout most of the territory and mortality presents an increasing trend. Although a highly debatable measure, the Brazilian government regularly culls seropositive dogs to control the disease. Since control is failing, critical analysis concerning the actions focused on the canine reservoir was conducted. Methods: In a review of the literature, a historical perspective focusing mainly on comparisons between the successful Chinese and Soviet strategies and the Brazilian approach is presented. In addition, analyses of the principal studies regarding the role of dogs as risk factors to humans and of the main intervention studies regarding the efficacy of the dog killing strategy were undertaken. Brazilian political reaction to a recently published systematic review that concluded that the dog culling program lacked efficiency and its effect on public policy were also reviewed. Results: No firm evidence of the risk conferred by the presence of dogs to humans was verified; on the contrary, a lack of scientific support for the policy of killing dogs was confirmed. A bias for distorting scientific data towards maintaining the policy of culling animals was observed. Conclusions: Since there is no evidence that dog culling diminishes visceral leishmaniasis transmission, it should be abandoned as a control measure. Ethical considerations have been raised regarding distorting scientific results and the killing of animals despite minimal or absent scientific evidence

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Infectivity of seropositive dogs, showing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, to Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies

Cited by 150 publications

References 33 publications

Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Avaliação da infectividade parasitária a Lutzomyia longipalpis por xenodiagnóstico em cães tratados para leishmaniose visceral naturalmente adquirida

How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? a critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy

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