Desiccation tolerance (DT) is a remarkable process that allows seeds in the dry state to remain viable for long periods of time that in some instances exceed 1,000 y. It has been postulated that seed DT evolved by rewiring the regulatory and signaling networks that controlled vegetative DT, which itself emerged as a crucial adaptive trait of early land plants. Understanding the networks that regulate seed desiccation tolerance in model plant systems would provide the tools to understand an evolutionary process that played a crucial role in the diversification of flowering plants. In this work, we used an integrated approach that included genomics, bioinformatics, metabolomics, and molecular genetics to identify and validate molecular networks that control the acquisition of DT in Arabidopsis seeds. Two DT-specific transcriptional subnetworks were identified related to storage of reserve compounds and cellular protection mechanisms that act downstream of the embryo development master regulators LEAFY COTYLEDON 1 and 2, FUSCA 3, and ABSCICIC ACID INSENSI-TIVE 3. Among the transcription factors identified as major nodes in the DT regulatory subnetworks, PLATZ1, PLATZ2, and AGL67 were confirmed by knockout mutants and overexpression in a desiccationintolerant mutant background to play an important role in seed DT. Additionally, we found that constitutive expression of PLATZ1 in WT plants confers partial DT in vegetative tissues.regulatory network | desiccation tolerance | drought tolerance | seed development | oligosaccharides D esiccation tolerance (DT) can be operationally defined as the ability of an organism to dry to equilibrium with moderately dry air (50 to 70% relative humidity at 20 to 30°C) and then resume normal function when rehydrated (1). DT organisms orchestrate a complex number of responses to protect cellular structures and prevent damage to proteins and nucleic acids. Early land plants evolved mechanisms to survive harsh drying environments to successfully exploit different ecosystems on land. Therefore, it has been postulated that the initial evolution of vegetative DT, in both vegetative and reproductive stages, was a crucial step required for the colonization of land by primitive plants of a fresh water origin (2).Seed DT, a trait that allows terrestrial plants to survive long periods of sparse water until favorable conditions are present for germination, is probably part of the answer to Darwin's "abominable mystery," the sudden appearance of great angiosperm diversity in the fossil record. In angiosperms, DT is acquired at the seed maturation stage, which involves a complex regulatory network (3, 4) that activates a large subset of genes involved in a number of mechanisms that influence seed survival in the dry state. The set of genes required for seed DT includes genes encoding protective proteins such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) (5, 6) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) (7), enzymes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species (8) and the biosynthesis of protective compounds such as o...