SummaryAmong women genital malignancies are second in frequency only to breast cancer. Primary disease sites include the endometrium, cervix, ovary, and vulva. With early diagnosis and aggressive therapy, two-thirds of these women will survive for at least 5 years. This encouraging prognosis is in contrast to the distress that may be experienced by women during diagnosis, treatment, and recovery periods. A brief review of major avenues of current research and clinical work is provided, including; psychological responses to gynecologic cancer symptomatology; affective distress; sexual problems; and treatment-related distress. Areas for future investigation are highlighted, including difficulties occurring with disease recurrence; disruption of close relationships; and problems of the elderly woman with cancer.